Análise espaço temporal da ferrugem do cafeeiro e sua relação com o clima e a nutrição mineral com K e B
Data
2016-04-19
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
A ferrugem (Hemileia vastatrix) é a principal doença do cafeeiro. Fatores como a carga pendente da lavoura, plantios adensados, desequilíbrio nutricional, déficit hídrico, entre outros favorecem o progresso da doença. Para minimizar os danos da doença e aumentar a produtividade dos cafeeiros com sustentabilidade é necessário conhecer como essas variáveis podem influenciar a ferrugem. Nesse contexto, a nutrição mineral de plantas pode aumentar ou reduzir a suscetibilidade às doenças, interferindo nas estruturas histológicas e/ou morfológicas, contribuindo para formar estruturas e compostos de resistência. Dessa forma, foram realizados três ensaios enfatizando o equilíbrio nutricional dos nutrientes B, K e P no manejo da ferrugem do cafeeiro. Foram realizados experimentos em casa de vegetação, em parcelas experimentais e também em grandes áreas de produção irrigadas. O primeiro ensaio objetivou-se avaliar o efeito dos K e B na incidência e severidade da ferrugem e no desenvolvimento de mudas do cafeeiro via solução nutritiva. Os tratamentos consistiram de 5 doses de boro (0,05; 0,50; 1; 2 e 4 mg L -1 ) e 5 doses de potássio (4,0; 5,0; 6,0; 7,0 e 8,0 mmol L -1 ). Ocorreu interação entre os nutrientes potássio (K) e boro (B) afetando a intensidade da ferrugem do cafeeiro. A partir da dose de 1 mg L -1 de B foi observado aumento da intensidade da ferrugem do cafeeiro com redução do peso da planta seca. No segundo ensaio objetivou-se avaliar a interação entre doses de K e B na incidência da ferrugem (H. vastatrix) do cafeeiro em campo experimental. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro doses de K (0, 100, 200 e 400 kg ha -1 K 2 O) e quatro de B (0; 1; 2 e 4 kg ha -1 de B). Para a área abaixo do progresso da incidência (AACPDI) não houve interação significativa entre as doses de K e B. No entanto, na análise foliar observou-se correlação positiva para os nutrientes K, B, Cu e Fe com a AACPDI, ou seja, houve aumento da incidência da ferrugem do cafeeiro com o aumento dos teores desses nutrientes, devido ao desbalanço nutricional nas maiores doses de K e B. No terceiro ensaio objetivou-se avaliar o padrão espacial da relação entre a ferrugem e a nutrição da planta em lavoura cafeeira irrigada por pivô central. Houve dependência espacial da ferrugem do cafeeiro com os teores de P, K e B. A maior incidência da ferrugem do cafeeiro ocorreu nas áreas com os menores teores de P e K e os maiores teores de B.
The coffee rust (Hemileia vastatrix) is the main disease of this culture. The high coffee yields, density plantations, nutritional imbalance, drought, among others are responsible for the occurrence and progress of the disease. To minimize the damage of the disease and increase the productivity of coffee plants with sustainability is necessary to know the influencing factors such as water, light, nutrition and cultural management. In this context, the plant nutrition has the ability to increase or reduce susceptibility to diseases, interfering with histologic and morphological structures in tissue functions in virulence and the pathogen's ability to survive. Thus, there were three trials emphasizing the nutritional balance of nutrients B, K and P in the coffee rust management. Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, in experimental plots and in large areas of irrigated production. The first trial aimed to evaluate the effect of K and B in the rust incidence and severity and dry weight of coffee seedlings in nutrient solution. The treatments consisted of 5 boron doses (0.05, 0.50, 1, 2 and 4 mg L -1 ) and 5 potassium doses (4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 mmol L -1 ). Positive interaction between nutrients potassium (K) and boron (B) affecting the intensity of coffee rust. From the dose of 1 mg L -1 B was an increase in coffee rust intensity with reducing the dry weight of seedlings. The second study aimed to evaluate the interaction between doses of K and B in the incidence of rust (H. vastatrix) of coffee in the experimental field. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with four doses of K (0, 100, 200 and 400 kg ha -1 K2O) and four of B (0, 1, 2 and 4 kg ha -1 B). For area under incidence progress curve (AACPDI) there was no significant interaction between doses of K and B. However, in foliar positive correlation was observed for nutrients K, B, Cu and Fe, which means increased coffee rust incidence with increased levels of these nutrients. This was due to nutritional imbalance in higher doses of K and B. In the third trial aimed to evaluate the spatial pattern of the relationship between rust and plant nutrition in irrigated coffee crop by center pivot. There was spatial dependence of coffee rust with P and K and B. The highest incidence of coffee rust occurs in areas with lower levels of P and K and the highest levels of B in leaves.
The coffee rust (Hemileia vastatrix) is the main disease of this culture. The high coffee yields, density plantations, nutritional imbalance, drought, among others are responsible for the occurrence and progress of the disease. To minimize the damage of the disease and increase the productivity of coffee plants with sustainability is necessary to know the influencing factors such as water, light, nutrition and cultural management. In this context, the plant nutrition has the ability to increase or reduce susceptibility to diseases, interfering with histologic and morphological structures in tissue functions in virulence and the pathogen's ability to survive. Thus, there were three trials emphasizing the nutritional balance of nutrients B, K and P in the coffee rust management. Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, in experimental plots and in large areas of irrigated production. The first trial aimed to evaluate the effect of K and B in the rust incidence and severity and dry weight of coffee seedlings in nutrient solution. The treatments consisted of 5 boron doses (0.05, 0.50, 1, 2 and 4 mg L -1 ) and 5 potassium doses (4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 mmol L -1 ). Positive interaction between nutrients potassium (K) and boron (B) affecting the intensity of coffee rust. From the dose of 1 mg L -1 B was an increase in coffee rust intensity with reducing the dry weight of seedlings. The second study aimed to evaluate the interaction between doses of K and B in the incidence of rust (H. vastatrix) of coffee in the experimental field. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with four doses of K (0, 100, 200 and 400 kg ha -1 K2O) and four of B (0, 1, 2 and 4 kg ha -1 B). For area under incidence progress curve (AACPDI) there was no significant interaction between doses of K and B. However, in foliar positive correlation was observed for nutrients K, B, Cu and Fe, which means increased coffee rust incidence with increased levels of these nutrients. This was due to nutritional imbalance in higher doses of K and B. In the third trial aimed to evaluate the spatial pattern of the relationship between rust and plant nutrition in irrigated coffee crop by center pivot. There was spatial dependence of coffee rust with P and K and B. The highest incidence of coffee rust occurs in areas with lower levels of P and K and the highest levels of B in leaves.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Hemileia vastatrix, Nutrição de plantas, Variabilidade espacial
Citação
VASCO, G. B. Análise espaço temporal da ferrugem do cafeeiro e sua relação com o clima e a nutrição mineral com K e B. 2016. 116 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia/ Fitopatologia) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2016.