Projeto estrutural de uma colhedora de café operando em terrenos declivosos
Data
2018-04-23
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Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo a realização de um projeto estrutural de uma colhedora de café que opere em terrenos declivosos, tendo em vista a importância dessa parcela de terrenos presentes em várias regiões e também a falta de projetos de colhedoras que operem nessas condições. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi obter resultados de projeto, ao se realizar análises na estrutura de um de uma nova concepção de máquina colhedora de café, que opere em terrenos com declive de 50%. As simulações foram feitas com o uso de software, utilizando a técnica de elementos finitos, considerando análise estática, com geração de resultados de tensões, deslocamentos, fatores de segurança e forças de reação nas regiões da roda que compõem a estrutura. Foi realizada, também, análise modal com objetivo de determinar as diversas frequências naturais que provocam deslocamentos, com o objetivo de se evitar o fenômeno da ressonância, o qual amplia os deslocamentos/deformações dos componentes. Com o uso de simulações em software, pode-se predizer situações de trabalho dessas máquinas, reduzindo-se tempo e custos com construções de protótipos. Para esse fim, analisou-se, como primeira parte do trabalho, os componentes estruturais principais da máquina, em que modelou-se a colhedora, seguindo alguns critérios de projeto baseados em peso, dimensões reduzidas para melhor mobilidade, deslocamento nos dois sentidos, tendo como características principais: o modelamento e simulação de uma colhedora com três rodas em distribuição triangular, estrutura superior em formato também triangular, cilindros vibradores desalinhados entre si de 300 mm, altura e largura máxima de 3,0 m e principalmente alturas diferentes entre as laterais da máquina, que permitam que operem em terrenos com até 50% de declividade. Foram obtidos alguns resultados de projeto que propiciaram importantes informações para uma nova simulação, que foi realizada após o modelamento mais completo da colhedora e foram aplicadas cargas em sua estrutura considerando componentes como: reservatório de café cheio, motor principal, cilindros vibradores, radiador, tanque de combustível, sistemas de transporte de café horizontais e verticais, motorista, dentre outros. Como resultados, obteve-se um fator de segurança mínimo dentro do aceitável para materiais dúcteis, distribuição desigual de carga entre as duas rodas do lado direito, quando comparada com a roda do lado esquerdo, que apresentou menores valores de carga sobre ela, sugerindo-se uma melhor distribuição de pesos entre as rodas. Os valores de deslocamentos foram de pequena intensidade, mas os valores dos deslocamentos, em algumas frequências naturais determinadas, foram considerados de grande magnitude. Na segunda parte do trabalho, na qual publicou-se um artigo, foram geradas vinte formas modais, após análise modal, considerando o reservatório da colhedora vazio e cheio de café. As simulações foram realizadas pelo método dos elementos finitos em que foram aplicadas condições de contorno reais no chassi motor da colhedora. Como resultados, observaram-se regiões dos componentes com tensões acima do limite de escoamento do material. Observou- se também, na parte traseira do chassi, maiores deslocamentos, o que sugere novo posicionamento da roda traseira para obtenção de distribuição uniforme das cargas. Algumas frequências naturais, que apresentaram maiores deslocamentos/deformações, podem ser alcançadas pelo funcionamento do motor principal associado também ao sistema de vibradores na derriça do café, podendo causar falha de componentes.
This work has as object of study the accomplishment of a structural project of a coffee harvester operating in sloping terrain, due to the importance that this parcel of land present in several regions and also because of the lack of harvester projects that operate in these conditions. The main objective of this work was to obtain project results, when analyzing the structure of a new coffee harvesting machine design, which operates on slopes of 50%. The simulations were performed using software, considering the finite element technique and static analysis, generating results of stresses, displacements, safety factors and reaction forces in the regions of the wheel that composes the structure. A modal analysis was also carried out in order to determine the different natural frequencies that caused displacements in order to avoid the phenomenon of resonance, which amplifies the displacements/deformations of the components. With the use of software simulations, it is possible to predict the working situations of these machines, reducing time and costs with prototype constructions. Thus, the main structural components of the machine were analyzed as the first part of the work, where the harvester was modeled, following some design criteria based on weight, reduced dimensions for better mobility, main characteristics: the modeling and simulation of a three- wheel harvester in triangular distribution, upper structure in a triangular shape, 300 mm misaligned vibrating cylinders, maximum height and width of 3,0 m and mainly different heights between the sides of the machine, which allow them to operate on land with up to 50% slope. It was obtained some project results that provided important information for a new simulation, which was performed after the most complete modeling of the harvester and where loads were applied in its structure considering components, such as: full coffee tank, main engine, cylinders vibrators, radiator, fuel tank, horizontal and vertical coffee transportation systems, driver, among others. As a result, a minimum safety factor was obtained within the acceptable values for ductile materials, uneven load distribution between the two right-hand wheels when compared to the left-hand wheel, which presented lower load values on it, suggesting a better distribution of weights between the wheels. The values of displacements were of small intensity, but the values of the displacements, in some given natural frequencies, were considered of great magnitude. In the second part of the study, in which an article was published, twenty modal forms were generated after modal analysis, considering the empty and full coffee harvester's reservoir. The simulations were performed by the finite element method, in which real contour conditions were applied to the motor chassis of the harvester. As a result, regions of the components with stresses above the material flow limit were observed. At the rear of the chassis, greater displacements were also observed, suggesting a new positioning of the rear wheel to obtain uniform load distribution. Some natural frequencies, which present greater displacements/deformations might be achieved by the operation of the main motor associated with the vibrating system in the coffee cup, which may cause failure of components.
This work has as object of study the accomplishment of a structural project of a coffee harvester operating in sloping terrain, due to the importance that this parcel of land present in several regions and also because of the lack of harvester projects that operate in these conditions. The main objective of this work was to obtain project results, when analyzing the structure of a new coffee harvesting machine design, which operates on slopes of 50%. The simulations were performed using software, considering the finite element technique and static analysis, generating results of stresses, displacements, safety factors and reaction forces in the regions of the wheel that composes the structure. A modal analysis was also carried out in order to determine the different natural frequencies that caused displacements in order to avoid the phenomenon of resonance, which amplifies the displacements/deformations of the components. With the use of software simulations, it is possible to predict the working situations of these machines, reducing time and costs with prototype constructions. Thus, the main structural components of the machine were analyzed as the first part of the work, where the harvester was modeled, following some design criteria based on weight, reduced dimensions for better mobility, main characteristics: the modeling and simulation of a three- wheel harvester in triangular distribution, upper structure in a triangular shape, 300 mm misaligned vibrating cylinders, maximum height and width of 3,0 m and mainly different heights between the sides of the machine, which allow them to operate on land with up to 50% slope. It was obtained some project results that provided important information for a new simulation, which was performed after the most complete modeling of the harvester and where loads were applied in its structure considering components, such as: full coffee tank, main engine, cylinders vibrators, radiator, fuel tank, horizontal and vertical coffee transportation systems, driver, among others. As a result, a minimum safety factor was obtained within the acceptable values for ductile materials, uneven load distribution between the two right-hand wheels when compared to the left-hand wheel, which presented lower load values on it, suggesting a better distribution of weights between the wheels. The values of displacements were of small intensity, but the values of the displacements, in some given natural frequencies, were considered of great magnitude. In the second part of the study, in which an article was published, twenty modal forms were generated after modal analysis, considering the empty and full coffee harvester's reservoir. The simulations were performed by the finite element method, in which real contour conditions were applied to the motor chassis of the harvester. As a result, regions of the components with stresses above the material flow limit were observed. At the rear of the chassis, greater displacements were also observed, suggesting a new positioning of the rear wheel to obtain uniform load distribution. Some natural frequencies, which present greater displacements/deformations might be achieved by the operation of the main motor associated with the vibrating system in the coffee cup, which may cause failure of components.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Colheita mecanizada de café, Projeto mecânico, Análise modal e estrutural
Citação
SILVA, E. P. Projeto estrutural de uma colhedora de café operando em terrenos declivosos. 2018. 114. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2018.