Dinâmica de macronutrientes em folhas, flores e frutos de cafeeiro arábico em três níveis de adubação.
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Data
2004
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A produção do cafeeiro depende, dentre outros fatores, do suprimento e da intensidade de absorção dos nutrientes pelas raízes. Conhecer a dinâmica dos nutrientes minerais em folhas, flores e frutos de cafeeiro é uma importante informação para identificar o período de maior exigência nutricional pela planta e desta forma, melhorar a eficiência das práticas de adubações. O objetivo deste trabalho foi acompanhar a dinâmica de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S em frutos de cafeeiro da antese à maturação e compará-la à dinâmica do elemento em folhas dos ramos produtivos. O experimento foi realizado com três variedades de cafeeiro arábica (Catuaí Vermelho IAC-99, Rubi MG-1192 e Acaiá IAC-474-19) constituindo-se de três ensaios independentes, instalados em blocos ao acaso com duas repetições em um esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo. Cada ensaio recebeu adubação diferenciada. O ensaio 1 recebeu 40 % da dose recomendada para o ensaio 2; este recebeu adubação conforme a análise do solo; e o ensaio 3 recebeu 1,4 vez a dose recomendada para o ensaio 2. A partir da antese floral coletaram-se o 3º e 4º pares de folhas de ramos produtivos, flores e frutos em doze amostragens durante a fase reprodutiva. Após as coletas, os materiais vegetais foram submetidos às ix análises de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. De acordo com as curvas de acúmulo de matéria seca por fruto, as variedades apresentaram 4 estádios de formação do fruto (chumbinho, rápida expansão, crescimento suspenso e granação-maturação). Observaram-se maiores acúmulos de matéria seca, bem como, maiores taxas de crescimento absoluto nos estádios de rápida expansão e granação-maturação. As variedades apresentaram as maiores concentrações de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S nos frutos no estádio de chumbinho. No estádio de rápida expansão os frutos apresentaram redução na concentração dos elementos minerais estudados. Nos estádios de crescimento suspenso e granação-maturação se observou pouca ou nenhuma variação na concentração de macronutrientes nos frutos. No 3º e 4º pares de folhas de ramos produtivos observaram-se decréscimos nas concentrações dos nutrientes N, Ca, Mg, no início do período reprodutivo, sendo atingidos valores mínimos em meados das fases de chumbinho e expansão rápida. Após estes períodos as concentrações iniciais foram recuperadas. A concentração de P nas folhas das variedades estudadas aumentou até meados do período reprodutivo, atingindo a máxima concentração, e decresceu até o final desse período. Ao longo do período de formação dos frutos não se observou um padrão regular nas curvas de variação na concentração de K e S no 3º e 4º pares de folhas de ramos produtivos. Pode-se observar que não somente os níveis de adubação testados influenciaram na concentração dos elementos em folhas, flores e frutos das variedades de cafeeiro, mas também outros fatores, como as concentrações foliares no momento da antese e a carga pendente de frutos.
The coffee tree production depends of many factors, including the nutrient supply and absorption by their roots. The knowledge of mineral nutrients dynamics in leaves, flowers and fruits of coffee trees is an important information to identify the period of greater nutritional requirement by plant, improving the efficiency of manure techniques. The aim of this work was to follow the dynamics of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in fruits of coffee tree from anthesis to maturation and to compare them to element dynamics in leaves of productive branch. The experiment was carried out with three varieties of Arabic coffee tree (Catuaí Vermelho IAC-99, Rubi MG-1192 and Acaiá IAC-474-19) distributed in three independents essays, installed in randomized blocks with two repetitions using a scheme of split-plot in time. Each essay received different manure. Essay 1 received 40% of recommended dose to essay 2; this received manure according to soil analyses; and essay 3 received 1,4 times the dose recommended to essay 2. From floral anthesis were collected flowers from 3 rd and 4 th pairs of productive branches, flowers and fruits in twelve periods during reproductive phase. After collection, vegetable materials were submitted to N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S analyses. According to the fruit dry matter accumulation, varieties presented 4 stages of fruit formation (first suspended growth, fast expansion, suspended growth and grain formation-maturation). In the stages of fast expansion and grain formation-maturation there were obtained the high values of dry matter accumulation and absolute growth rate. Varieties showed bigger concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in fruits of first suspended growth stage. During fast expansion stage fruits had a reduction in concentration of minerals studied. In suspended growth and grain formation-maturation stages was observed few or no one variation in fruit macronutrients concentration. Third and fourth pairs of productive branches leaves had decreases in N, Ca and Mg concentrations at the beginning of reproductive period. Minimum values of these nutrients were reached in the middle of first suspended growth and fast expansion phases. After these period initial concentrations were recovered. The phosphorus concentration in leaves of studied varieties increased until the middle of reproductive period, reaching maximal concentration and decreasing until the end of this period. During fruit formation it was not verified a regular standard in variation curves of K and S in 3 rd and 4 th pairs of productive branches leaves. It can be concluded that not only manuring levels tested influenced elements concentration in leaves, flowers and fruits of coffee varieties, but also other factors as concentrations in leaves during anthesis and pending load of fruits.
The coffee tree production depends of many factors, including the nutrient supply and absorption by their roots. The knowledge of mineral nutrients dynamics in leaves, flowers and fruits of coffee trees is an important information to identify the period of greater nutritional requirement by plant, improving the efficiency of manure techniques. The aim of this work was to follow the dynamics of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in fruits of coffee tree from anthesis to maturation and to compare them to element dynamics in leaves of productive branch. The experiment was carried out with three varieties of Arabic coffee tree (Catuaí Vermelho IAC-99, Rubi MG-1192 and Acaiá IAC-474-19) distributed in three independents essays, installed in randomized blocks with two repetitions using a scheme of split-plot in time. Each essay received different manure. Essay 1 received 40% of recommended dose to essay 2; this received manure according to soil analyses; and essay 3 received 1,4 times the dose recommended to essay 2. From floral anthesis were collected flowers from 3 rd and 4 th pairs of productive branches, flowers and fruits in twelve periods during reproductive phase. After collection, vegetable materials were submitted to N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S analyses. According to the fruit dry matter accumulation, varieties presented 4 stages of fruit formation (first suspended growth, fast expansion, suspended growth and grain formation-maturation). In the stages of fast expansion and grain formation-maturation there were obtained the high values of dry matter accumulation and absolute growth rate. Varieties showed bigger concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in fruits of first suspended growth stage. During fast expansion stage fruits had a reduction in concentration of minerals studied. In suspended growth and grain formation-maturation stages was observed few or no one variation in fruit macronutrients concentration. Third and fourth pairs of productive branches leaves had decreases in N, Ca and Mg concentrations at the beginning of reproductive period. Minimum values of these nutrients were reached in the middle of first suspended growth and fast expansion phases. After these period initial concentrations were recovered. The phosphorus concentration in leaves of studied varieties increased until the middle of reproductive period, reaching maximal concentration and decreasing until the end of this period. During fruit formation it was not verified a regular standard in variation curves of K and S in 3 rd and 4 th pairs of productive branches leaves. It can be concluded that not only manuring levels tested influenced elements concentration in leaves, flowers and fruits of coffee varieties, but also other factors as concentrations in leaves during anthesis and pending load of fruits.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Palavras-chave
Café Adubação Nutrição Fisiologia Solos
Citação
Laviola, Bruno Galvêas. Dinâmica de macronutrientes em folhas, flores e frutos de cafeeiro arábico em três níveis de adubação. Viçosa: UFV. 2004. 100p. : il. (Dissertação - mestrado em Fitotecnia) Orientadora: Hermínia Emília Prieto Martinez. T 633.7381 L412d 2004