Maximização do uso da uréia em lavoura de Coffea canephora
Data
2013-02-27
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Objetivou-se determinar as perdas de nitrogênio por volatilização de amônia, de uréias com eficiências aumentadas bem como o desenvolvimento e a produtividade do cafeeiro Conilon manejadas com tais uréias. O experimento foi instalado em outubro de 2010 na cidade de Nova Venécia - ES em uma lavoura de café Conilon cultivar ‘Vitória INCAPER 8142’. Foram avaliadas cinco fontes de adubos nitrogenados: T1= uréia perolada comum (45% N); T2= Uréia (45% N) + NBPT - (Super N®); T3= uréia (44,6% N) + 0,15% de Cu2+ + 0,4% de B – (Nitro Mais®); T4= uréia (37% N) + enxofre (17%) – (Nitro Gold®); e T5= nitrato de amônio (34% N). Os tratamentos T2, T3 e T4 são considerados com “eficiência aumentada” e os tratamentos T1 e T5 foram utilizados como testemunhas negativa e positiva respectivamente. Os coletores de amônia foram instalados, em cada parcela experimental, imediatamente após a aplicação do fertilizante em três épocas distintas, sendo em outubro, dezembro de 2011 e março de 2012. As esponjas coletoras de amônia (NH3) foram trocadas aos 5, 10 e 15 dias. Foram avaliadas características associadas à fluorescência da clorofila a. Essas avaliações foram realizadas em outubro antes da adubação e em janeiro e março 20 dias após as adubações. O crescimento de ramos foi avaliado mensalmente por medição do comprimento dos ramos através da marcação de três grupos de ramos em crescimento escolhido ao acaso. Foram marcados quatro ramos plagiotrópicos por parcela. O primeiro grupo de ramos foi marcado e avaliado a partir de 05 de agosto de 2011 e o segundo grupo a partir de 09 de dezembro de 2011 e o terceiro grupo a partir de 12 de abril de 2012. O nitrato de amônio foi à fonte de nitrogênio que obteve menor perda de N-NH3 por volatilização entre as demais fontes nitrogenadas. A uréia + enxofre e a uréia perolada comum foram às fontes de nitrogênio que apresentaram maior perda de nitrogênio por volatilização na segunda avaliação. Dessa forma, pressupõe-se que a precipitação não foi suficiente para dissolver e incorporar os adubos, permanecendo o solo úmido, aumentando assim a atividade da enzima urease sobre os fertilizantes. Em geral a uréia + NBPT e a uréia + Cu2+ e B apresentaram as menores perdas por volatilização dentre os adubos com “eficiência aumentada”. As diferentes fontes de nitrogênio não promoveram diferenças significativas nas produções das safras de 2011 e 2012. Os valores de (Fv/Fm) não diferiram em nenhuma das épocas analisadas, o que sugere que as fontes nitrogenadas não alteraram a eficiência do fotossistema II. Os valores de Índice Relativo de Clorofila (IRC) alternaram suas significâncias com relação aos tratamentos ao longo das datas de avaliação. As fontes de nitrogênio não influenciaram significativamente o crescimento dos três grupos de ramos, em todas as avaliações realizadas.
The objective was to determine nitrogen losses by ammonia volatilization from 'ureas with increased efficiencies' as well as the development and productivity of coffee Conilon handled with such ureas. The experiment was installed in October 2010 in the city of Nova Venezia - ES on a coffee plantation Conilon cultivar 'Victoria INCAPER 8142'. We evaluated five sources of nitrogen fertilizers: T1 = urea pearly common (45% N), T2 = urea (45% N) + NBPT - (Super N®), T3 = urea (44.6% N) + 0.15 % of Cu2+ and 0.4% B - (More Nitro®); T4 = urea (37% N) + sulfur (17%) - (Nitro Gold®) and T5 = ammonium nitrate (34% N). The treatments T2, T3 and T4 are considered to "increased efficiency" and the T1 and T5 were used as control negative and positive respectively. The ammonia collectors were installed in each plot immediately after fertilizer application in three different seasons, and in October, December 2011 and March 2012. The sponges collecting ammonia (NH3) were exchanged at 5, 10 and 15 days. Were evaluated characteristics associated with the chlorophyll fluorescence. These evaluations were performed prior to fertilization in October and in January and March 20 days after fertilization. The branch growth was evaluated monthly for measuring the length of the branches by dialing three groups of branches growing randomly selected. Were scored four primary branches per plot. The first group of branches was evaluated and scored from 5 August 2011 and the second group from December 9, 2011 and the third group from April 12, 2012. The ammonium nitrate was the nitrogen source that had lower NH3-N loss through volatilization among the other nitrogen sources. The urea and urea + sulfur pearly were common sources of nitrogen that showed greater loss of nitrogen through volatilization in the second evaluation. Thus, it is assumed that precipitation was not sufficient to dissolve and incorporate the fertilizer, the soil remains moist, thereby increasing the activity of the enzyme urease on fertilizers. In general, urea and urea + NBPT + Cu2+ and B had the lowest volatilization losses from fertilizers with "increased efficiency". The different nitrogen sources did not cause significant differences in crop yields of 2011 and 2012. Values (Fv / Fm) did not differ in any of the times examined, suggesting that the nitrogen sources did not alter the efficiency of photosystem II. Relative values of Chlorophyll Index (CRI) alternated their significance with respect to treatments throughout the evaluation dates. The nitrogen sources did not significantly influence the growth of three groups of branches in all assessments.
The objective was to determine nitrogen losses by ammonia volatilization from 'ureas with increased efficiencies' as well as the development and productivity of coffee Conilon handled with such ureas. The experiment was installed in October 2010 in the city of Nova Venezia - ES on a coffee plantation Conilon cultivar 'Victoria INCAPER 8142'. We evaluated five sources of nitrogen fertilizers: T1 = urea pearly common (45% N), T2 = urea (45% N) + NBPT - (Super N®), T3 = urea (44.6% N) + 0.15 % of Cu2+ and 0.4% B - (More Nitro®); T4 = urea (37% N) + sulfur (17%) - (Nitro Gold®) and T5 = ammonium nitrate (34% N). The treatments T2, T3 and T4 are considered to "increased efficiency" and the T1 and T5 were used as control negative and positive respectively. The ammonia collectors were installed in each plot immediately after fertilizer application in three different seasons, and in October, December 2011 and March 2012. The sponges collecting ammonia (NH3) were exchanged at 5, 10 and 15 days. Were evaluated characteristics associated with the chlorophyll fluorescence. These evaluations were performed prior to fertilization in October and in January and March 20 days after fertilization. The branch growth was evaluated monthly for measuring the length of the branches by dialing three groups of branches growing randomly selected. Were scored four primary branches per plot. The first group of branches was evaluated and scored from 5 August 2011 and the second group from December 9, 2011 and the third group from April 12, 2012. The ammonium nitrate was the nitrogen source that had lower NH3-N loss through volatilization among the other nitrogen sources. The urea and urea + sulfur pearly were common sources of nitrogen that showed greater loss of nitrogen through volatilization in the second evaluation. Thus, it is assumed that precipitation was not sufficient to dissolve and incorporate the fertilizer, the soil remains moist, thereby increasing the activity of the enzyme urease on fertilizers. In general, urea and urea + NBPT + Cu2+ and B had the lowest volatilization losses from fertilizers with "increased efficiency". The different nitrogen sources did not cause significant differences in crop yields of 2011 and 2012. Values (Fv / Fm) did not differ in any of the times examined, suggesting that the nitrogen sources did not alter the efficiency of photosystem II. Relative values of Chlorophyll Index (CRI) alternated their significance with respect to treatments throughout the evaluation dates. The nitrogen sources did not significantly influence the growth of three groups of branches in all assessments.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo.
Palavras-chave
Nitrogênio, Volatilização, Café conilon
Citação
RODRIGUES, J. O. Maximização do uso da uréia em lavoura de Coffea canephora. 2017. 71 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agricultura Tropical) - Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, São Mateus. 2017.