Otimização hidráulica e manejo de injetores tipo Venturi duplo para fins de quimigação
Arquivos
Data
1998
Autores
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Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz
Resumo
Um experimento foi instalado no Laboratório de Hidráulica da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", da Universidade de São Paulo, com objetivo de avaliar alternativas de manejo de injetores tipo Venturi que permitissem seu uso além dos sistemas de irrigação que utilizam baixa pressão, também, naqueles que operam em condições de média e de altas pressões.
Avaliou-se o desempenho de injetores tipo Venturi de diferentes dimensões, considerando diferentes formas de instalação em relação a tubulação principal: instalação do injetor diretamente na tubulação, instalação do injetor numa derivação tipo
"by-pass'' e instalação que utiliza dois injetores tipo Venturi trabalhando constituindo um sistema único. Definiu-se um modelo matemático e um programa de computador que possibilitaram estabelecer os parâmetros hidráulicos e otimizar combinações de injetores nesta última forma de instalação. Trabalhou-se com os injetores de diâmetros nominais de entrada e de saída de
60 mm, 50 mm, 40 mm e 32 mm que funcionaram como instrumentos principais, juntamente com outros de diâmetros nominais de 40 mm, 32 mm, 25 mm e 20 mm que funcionaram como secundários nas diferentes combinações testadas entre esses injetores. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: vazão succionada, vazão motriz, vazão total do sistema, rendimento, perdas de carga e limite
operaciona1 de cada injetor e forma de instalação nas pressões de serviço variando de 147,OQ kPa até 686,42 kPa. Os resultados comprovaram que o modelo matemático planejado e desenvolvido representou adequadamente o funcionamento do sistema que utiliza injetores tipo Venturi duplo, principalmente nas condições de média e de alta pressões e diferenciais de pressão. A instalação que utiliza injetor duplo permitiu ampliar o limite operacional desses injetores, principalmente nas pressões de serviço e nos diferenciais de pressão mais elevados. As dimensões dos injetores influenciaram nas vazões succionadas e quanto menor foi a dimensão do injetor secundário em relação à do injetor principal, melhor foi o desempenho do sistema.
O limite operacional do sistema de instalação, constituído por dois injetores tipo Venturi, apresentou-se diretamente relacionado a dois diferenciais de pressão. Sendo que o diferencial de pressão que considera um ponto antes do sistema e outro na câmara de mistura influenciou mais as vazões succionadas, e o rendimento que o diferencial de pressão que considera um ponto na câmara de mistura e outro na saída do sistema. As equações representativas dos parâmetros hidráulicos de cada injetor permitiram estabelecer um manejo adequado das diferentes formas de instalações e foram de fundamental importância no modelo matemático e no funcionamento do programa de computador desenvolvidos.
The experiment was installed in the Laboratory of Hydraulics, at the Superior School of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz" at the University of São Paulo with objective of evaluating alternatives of handling of type Venturi injectors that allowed its use besides the irrigation systems, that use low pressure also in those that operate in average conditions and of high pressures. The acting of injectors type was evaluated Venturi of different dimensions considering different installation forms in relation to main lines: installation of the injector directly in the lines, installation of the injector in a derivation type "by-pass" and installation that uses two type Venturi injectors working constituting an only system. It was defined a mathematical model and a computer program that facilitated to establish the hydraulic parameters and to improve injectors combinations in this last installation form. It worked with the injectors of nominal diameters of entrance and of exit of 60mm, 50mm, 40mm and 32mm that they worked as main instruments, together with others of nominal diameters of 40mm, 32mm, 25mm and 20mm that working as secondary in the different combinations tested among those injectors. The appraised parameters were: suctions flow, motive flow, total suction of the system, efficiency, head losses and operational limit of each injector and installation form in the service pressures varying of 147,09 kPa to 686,42 kPa. The results checked that the planned and developed mathematical model represented the operation of the system that uses type Venturi double injector, mainly in the average conditions appropriately and of high pressures and pressure differential. The installation that uses double injector allowed to enlarge the operational limit of those injectors mainly, in the service pressures and pressure differential use of higher pressure. The dimensions of the injectors influenced in the suctions flow and as minor went to dimension of the secondary injector in relation to the one of the main injector, best was the acting of the system. The operational limit of the installation system, constituted by two injectors type Venturi came directly related for two pressure differential. And the pressure differential that considers a point before the system and another in the mixing chamber influenced more the suction flow and the efficiency that the pressure differential that considers a point in the mixing chamber and another in the exit of the system. The representative equations of the hydraulic parameters of each injector allowed to establish an adapted handling in the different ways of facilities and they were of fundamental importance in the mathematical model and in the operation of the developed computer program.
The experiment was installed in the Laboratory of Hydraulics, at the Superior School of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz" at the University of São Paulo with objective of evaluating alternatives of handling of type Venturi injectors that allowed its use besides the irrigation systems, that use low pressure also in those that operate in average conditions and of high pressures. The acting of injectors type was evaluated Venturi of different dimensions considering different installation forms in relation to main lines: installation of the injector directly in the lines, installation of the injector in a derivation type "by-pass" and installation that uses two type Venturi injectors working constituting an only system. It was defined a mathematical model and a computer program that facilitated to establish the hydraulic parameters and to improve injectors combinations in this last installation form. It worked with the injectors of nominal diameters of entrance and of exit of 60mm, 50mm, 40mm and 32mm that they worked as main instruments, together with others of nominal diameters of 40mm, 32mm, 25mm and 20mm that working as secondary in the different combinations tested among those injectors. The appraised parameters were: suctions flow, motive flow, total suction of the system, efficiency, head losses and operational limit of each injector and installation form in the service pressures varying of 147,09 kPa to 686,42 kPa. The results checked that the planned and developed mathematical model represented the operation of the system that uses type Venturi double injector, mainly in the average conditions appropriately and of high pressures and pressure differential. The installation that uses double injector allowed to enlarge the operational limit of those injectors mainly, in the service pressures and pressure differential use of higher pressure. The dimensions of the injectors influenced in the suctions flow and as minor went to dimension of the secondary injector in relation to the one of the main injector, best was the acting of the system. The operational limit of the installation system, constituted by two injectors type Venturi came directly related for two pressure differential. And the pressure differential that considers a point before the system and another in the mixing chamber influenced more the suction flow and the efficiency that the pressure differential that considers a point in the mixing chamber and another in the exit of the system. The representative equations of the hydraulic parameters of each injector allowed to establish an adapted handling in the different ways of facilities and they were of fundamental importance in the mathematical model and in the operation of the developed computer program.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz
Palavras-chave
Fertirrigação Quimigação Equipamento agrícola Hidráulica Modelos matemáticos Programa de computador, Fertirrigation Quimigation Agricultural equipment Venturi type injectors Hydraulics Mathematical modelling Computer program
Citação
Feitosa Filho, José Crispiniano. Otimização hidráulica e manejo de injetores tipo Venturi duplo para fins de quimigação. Piracicaba : ESALQ, 1998. 165p. : il. (inclui 4 disquetes do programa VENTUMET) (Tese - doutorado em Agronomia, área de concentração: Irrigação e drenagem) Orientador: Tarlei Arriel Botrel