Análise biométrica da eficiência nutricional de potássio em café arábica
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2013-09-10
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Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro
Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a divergência genética entre as cultivares de café arábica quanto à eficiência nutricional para potássio, com base nas características morfoagronômicas, nas produções de matérias secas e nos índices de eficiência nutricional, por meio de análises univariada e multivariada, visando à identificação de cultivares promissoras, para ambientes com baixa disponibilidade de potássio. Foi instalado experimento em solução nutritiva, utilizando-se delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial (20x2), em que 20 cultivares de café foram avaliadas em dois ambientes de cultivo: nível adequado (4,0 mmol/L) e baixo (1,5 mmol/L) de potássio (K), com três repetições. Cada unidade experimental foi constituída por um vaso com duas plantas, contendo 8 litros de solução nutritiva. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: altura de planta, número de folhas, número de nós, comprimento de internódio, diâmetro de caule e área foliar. Após a avaliação, as plantas foram coletadas, o matérial vegetal foi submetido à secagem em estufa com circulação forçada de ar a 70oC, por 72 horas e, asssim, determinou-se a matéria seca de: raiz, folha, caule, parte aérea, total e relação raiz/parte aérea. Na quantificação dos teores potássicos utilizou-se a trituração das diferentes partes das plantas em moinho Willey, com peneira número 20, com posterior digestão sulfúrica. Em seguida foram obtidos os conteúdos de potássio, por meio do produto entre os teores e a matéria seca de cada parte da planta. Por meio dos conteúdos, obtiveram-se as estimativas dos índices da eficiência nutricional. Com base no cultivo em ambiente de baixa disponibilidade de potássio, constatou-se que existe variabilidade genética entre as 20 cultivares de café para as características avaliadas. As cultivares Obatã IAC 1669/20, Caturra Amarelo, IPR 102, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15, Rubi MG 1192, Araponga MG 1, Tupi IAC 1669-33, Catucaí 785/15 e Caturra Vermelho, são as mais eficientes nutricionalmente, podendo ser recomendadas para futuros programas de melhoramento, visando à obtenção de cultivares de café eficientes para baixa disponibilidade desse nutriente. Além disso, as cultivares Araponga MG 1, Tupi IAC 1669-33 e Catucaí 785/15 são responsivas a adição de potássio no ambiente de cultivo. Os elevados coeficientes de determinação genotípicos associados à grande variabilidade genética indicam a possibilidade de obtenção de êxitos em programa de melhoramento genético para as características altura de planta, comprimento de internódio, diâmetro de caule, área foliar, eficiência de produção de biomassa e a eficiência de utilização de potássio. A área foliar e o diâmetro de caule apresentam correlações genéticas significativas e positivas com as eficiências de enraizamento, de produção de biomassa e de utilização de potássio. A característica diâmetro de caule de fácil mensuração apresenta grande potencial para uso nos programas de melhoramento genético visando à seleção indireta de cultivares mais eficientes para potássio em ambientes com baixo nível desse nutriente. As análises multivariadas pelos métodos UPGMA e Variáveis Canônicas possibilitaram a formação de cinco grupos, esses métodos foram eficientes na discriminação das cultivares de café arábica no estudo da diversidade genética. As cultivares Icatu Precoce 3282 e Oeiras MG 6851 foram as que apresentaram maiores distâncias, constituindo grupos isolados nos métodos utilizados. O grupo V apresentou o maior número de cultivares com maiores eficiências de enraizamento, de produção de biomassa e de utilização de potássio. É possível agrupar cultivares de café de diferentes origens, características morfoagronômicas e índices de eficiência nutricional para potássio. As características que mais contribuíram para a divergência genética são comprimento de internódio e a eficiência de produção de biomassa.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic divergence between arabica coffee cultivars regarding nutritional efficiency for potassium based on agronomic characteristics of dry matter production and efficiency indices nutrition through univariate and multivariate analyzes, in order to identify promising cultivars to environments with low potassium. Experiment was conducted in nutrient solution, using a randomized block design in a factorial (20x2), where 20 coffee cultivars were evaluated in two culture environments: the appropriate level (4.0 mmol/L) and low (1,5 mmol/L) potassium (K) with three replications. Each experimental unit consisted of one pot with two plants, containing 8 liters of nutrient solution. We evaluated the following characteristics: plant height, number of leaves, number of nodes, internodal length, stem diameter and leaf area. After assessment, the plants were harvested, the vegetable material was subjected to drying in an oven with forced air circulation at 70 ° C for 72 hours and goes like then, we determined the dry matter: root, leaf, stem, shoot, Total and relative root/ shoot. In the measurement of potassium concentration was used crushing of the different plant parts in Willey mill with number 20 sieve, further digestion with sulfuric acid. Then there were obtained the potassium content through the product between the contents and the dry weight of each plant. Through the content, we obtained estimates of the indices of nutritional efficiency. Based on the cultivation environment of low potassium availability, it was found that there is genetic variability among 20 cultivars of coffee to the characteristics evaluated. Cultivars Obatã IAC 1669/20, Caturra Amarelo, IPR 102, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15, Rubi MG 1192, Araponga MG 1, Tupi IAC 1669-33, Catucaí 785/15 and Caturra Vermelho, are the most nutritionally efficient, and can be recommended for future breeding programs, in order to obtain efficient coffee cultivars to low availability of this nutrient. Additionally, the cultivars Araponga MG 1, Tupi IAC 1669-33, Catucaí 785/15 are responsive to potassium addition in the culture environment. The high genotypic correlation coefficients associated with high genetic variability indicate the possibility of achieving success in the breeding program for the Plant height, internodal length, stem diameter, leaf area, biomass production efficiency and utilization efficiency potassium. The leaf area and stem diameter have significant and positive genetic correlations with the efficiencies of rooting, biomass production and utilization of potassium. The characteristic stem diameter of easy measurement shows great potential for use in breeding programs aimed at indirect selection of cultivars more efficient potassium in environments with low levels of this nutrient. Multivariate analyzes by UPGMA and Canonical Variables allowed the formation of five groups, these methods were effective in the discrimination of arabica coffee cultivars in the study of genetic diversity. Cultivars Icatu Precoce 3282 and Oeiras MG 6851 showed the greatest distances, forming isolated groups in the methods used. Group V had the largest number of cultivars with higher efficiencies rooting, biomass production and use of potassium. You can group coffee cultivars of different origins, characteristics and agronomic efficiency ratios for potassium nutrition. The features that most contributed to divergence are internodal length and efficiency of biomass production.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic divergence between arabica coffee cultivars regarding nutritional efficiency for potassium based on agronomic characteristics of dry matter production and efficiency indices nutrition through univariate and multivariate analyzes, in order to identify promising cultivars to environments with low potassium. Experiment was conducted in nutrient solution, using a randomized block design in a factorial (20x2), where 20 coffee cultivars were evaluated in two culture environments: the appropriate level (4.0 mmol/L) and low (1,5 mmol/L) potassium (K) with three replications. Each experimental unit consisted of one pot with two plants, containing 8 liters of nutrient solution. We evaluated the following characteristics: plant height, number of leaves, number of nodes, internodal length, stem diameter and leaf area. After assessment, the plants were harvested, the vegetable material was subjected to drying in an oven with forced air circulation at 70 ° C for 72 hours and goes like then, we determined the dry matter: root, leaf, stem, shoot, Total and relative root/ shoot. In the measurement of potassium concentration was used crushing of the different plant parts in Willey mill with number 20 sieve, further digestion with sulfuric acid. Then there were obtained the potassium content through the product between the contents and the dry weight of each plant. Through the content, we obtained estimates of the indices of nutritional efficiency. Based on the cultivation environment of low potassium availability, it was found that there is genetic variability among 20 cultivars of coffee to the characteristics evaluated. Cultivars Obatã IAC 1669/20, Caturra Amarelo, IPR 102, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15, Rubi MG 1192, Araponga MG 1, Tupi IAC 1669-33, Catucaí 785/15 and Caturra Vermelho, are the most nutritionally efficient, and can be recommended for future breeding programs, in order to obtain efficient coffee cultivars to low availability of this nutrient. Additionally, the cultivars Araponga MG 1, Tupi IAC 1669-33, Catucaí 785/15 are responsive to potassium addition in the culture environment. The high genotypic correlation coefficients associated with high genetic variability indicate the possibility of achieving success in the breeding program for the Plant height, internodal length, stem diameter, leaf area, biomass production efficiency and utilization efficiency potassium. The leaf area and stem diameter have significant and positive genetic correlations with the efficiencies of rooting, biomass production and utilization of potassium. The characteristic stem diameter of easy measurement shows great potential for use in breeding programs aimed at indirect selection of cultivars more efficient potassium in environments with low levels of this nutrient. Multivariate analyzes by UPGMA and Canonical Variables allowed the formation of five groups, these methods were effective in the discrimination of arabica coffee cultivars in the study of genetic diversity. Cultivars Icatu Precoce 3282 and Oeiras MG 6851 showed the greatest distances, forming isolated groups in the methods used. Group V had the largest number of cultivars with higher efficiencies rooting, biomass production and use of potassium. You can group coffee cultivars of different origins, characteristics and agronomic efficiency ratios for potassium nutrition. The features that most contributed to divergence are internodal length and efficiency of biomass production.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro.
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Citação
SOARES, Y. J. B. Análise biométrica da eficiência nutricional de potássio em café arábica. 2013. 130 f. Tese (Doutorado em Produção Vegetal) - Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes. 2013.