Tolerância à dessecacão e condicionamento fisiológico em sementes de cafeeiro (Coffea arabica, L.)
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Data
2000
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Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
Foram conduzidos dois experimentos sendo o primeiro relativo à avaliação de mecanismos de tolerância à dessecação e o segundo sobre metodologias de condicionamentos fisiológicos para recuperação de qualidade fisiológica de sementes de cafeeiro. Os ensaios foram realizados nos Laboratórios de Análise de Sementes e Técnicas Moleculares do Departamento de Agricultura da UFLA, de Cromatografia do Departamento de Química da UFMG e de Análises Bioquímicas da EPAMIG, em 1998 e 1999. Para estudar mecanismos de tolerância à dessecação, foram colhidas sementes de cafeeiro da cultivar Rubi em diferentes estádios do desenvolvimento (verde, verde cana e cereja) e avaliadas antes da secagem, após secagem convencional e após secagem em ambiente com umidade controlada (higrostat). Os efeitos dos tratamentos foram testados pela germinação em rolo de papel, índice de velocidade de germinação, emergência em bandejas, índice de velocidade de emergência, T50, condutividade elétrica, análises quantitativa e qualitativa de açúcares no eixo embrionário e analise eletroforética de LEA'S proteínas também no eixo embrionário. No segundo experimento as sementes da cultivar Rubi colhidas no campo de produção da UFLA, foram armazenadas em câmara fria de maio a outubro, quando foram submetidas a condicionamentos fisiológicos sobre papel embebido ou por submersão em solução de Nitrato de Potássio ou PEG 6000 ambas com potencial hídrico de -1,1Mpa durante 8, 12, 16, 20 e 24 dias, e sobre papel ou por submersão em água por 8 dias. Sementes não condicionadas também foram testadas. As avaliações foram pelo teste de germinação, T50, índice de velocidade de germinação, peso da matéria seca dos eixos hipocótilo/radícula, condutividade elétrica, pelo teor de ácido clorogênico e atividade das enzimas polifenoloxidase e peroxidase. Pelos resultados pode-se concluir de uma maneira geral que as sementes de cafeeiro perdem vigor e viabilidade com a secagem, que essa redução ocorre principalmente no estádio de maturação verde e que existem mecanismos que conferem às sementes um grau intermediário de tolerância à dessecação. Em relação aos métodos de condicionamento os resultados permitiram concluir que sementes de cafeeiro condicionadas em água por submersão ou sobre papel durante 8 dias, aumentaram a taxa e a velocidade de germinação, sobre papel propiciou os maiores incrementos na qualidade fisiológica das sementes; os solutos PEG 6000 e Nitrato de Potássio não são eficientes para o condicionamento de sementes de cafeeiro e que os parâmetros, testes condutividade elétrica, porcentagem de ácido clorogênico e atividade das enzimas polifenoloxidase e peroxidase estão relacionados com o grau de estruturação de membranas e da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de cafeeiro.
Two experiments were conducted the first one being concerning the evaluation of desiccation tolerance mechanisms and the other on physiological conditioning methodologies for recovering physiological quality of coffee seeds. The trials were performed in the laboratories of seed analysis and molecular techniques of the UFLA Department of Agriculture, of chromatography of the UFMG chemistry Department, and Biochemical Analyses of EPAMIG in 1998 and 1999. To study desiccation tolerance mechanisms, coffee seeds of the cultivar Rubi at different developmental stages (green, yellow and red) were harvested and evaluated before drying, after conventional drying in controlled humidity environmental (higrostat). The effects of the treatments were tested by germination on paper roll, germination velocity index, tray emergence, emergence velocity index, T50, electric conductivity quantitative and qualitative analyses of sugars in the embryonic axis and electrophoretic analysis of LEA’S protein. In the second experiment, the seeds of the cultivar Rubi harvested in the UFLA cropland were stored in cold chamber from May to October, when they were submitted to physiological conditionings on imbibed paper or by soaking in potassium nitrate or PEG 6000 solution both with water potential of 1.1. Mpa for 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 days and on paper or by soaking in water for 8 days. Non-conditioned seeds were also tested. The evaluations were done by the germination tests, T50, germination velocity index, weight of the dry matter of the axes hypocotil/radicle, electric conductivity, by the chlorogenic acid content and activity of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase enzymes. From the results, it follows that, in general, coffee seeds lose their vigor and viability with drying, that this reduction occurs chiefly at the green maturation stage and that there are mechanisms which confer to seeds an intermediate degree of desiccation tolerance as regards the conditioning methods. The results allowed to conclude that coffee seeds conditioned in water by soaking air on paper for 8 days increased both the germination rate and velocity, on paper provided the highest increase in the physiological quality of seeds; the solutes PEG 6000 and potassium nitrate are not efficient for coffee seed conditioning and that the parameters, testes of electric conductivity, percentage of chlorogenic and activity of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase enzymes are related with the structure degree of membranes and physiological quality of coffee seeds.
Two experiments were conducted the first one being concerning the evaluation of desiccation tolerance mechanisms and the other on physiological conditioning methodologies for recovering physiological quality of coffee seeds. The trials were performed in the laboratories of seed analysis and molecular techniques of the UFLA Department of Agriculture, of chromatography of the UFMG chemistry Department, and Biochemical Analyses of EPAMIG in 1998 and 1999. To study desiccation tolerance mechanisms, coffee seeds of the cultivar Rubi at different developmental stages (green, yellow and red) were harvested and evaluated before drying, after conventional drying in controlled humidity environmental (higrostat). The effects of the treatments were tested by germination on paper roll, germination velocity index, tray emergence, emergence velocity index, T50, electric conductivity quantitative and qualitative analyses of sugars in the embryonic axis and electrophoretic analysis of LEA’S protein. In the second experiment, the seeds of the cultivar Rubi harvested in the UFLA cropland were stored in cold chamber from May to October, when they were submitted to physiological conditionings on imbibed paper or by soaking in potassium nitrate or PEG 6000 solution both with water potential of 1.1. Mpa for 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 days and on paper or by soaking in water for 8 days. Non-conditioned seeds were also tested. The evaluations were done by the germination tests, T50, germination velocity index, weight of the dry matter of the axes hypocotil/radicle, electric conductivity, by the chlorogenic acid content and activity of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase enzymes. From the results, it follows that, in general, coffee seeds lose their vigor and viability with drying, that this reduction occurs chiefly at the green maturation stage and that there are mechanisms which confer to seeds an intermediate degree of desiccation tolerance as regards the conditioning methods. The results allowed to conclude that coffee seeds conditioned in water by soaking air on paper for 8 days increased both the germination rate and velocity, on paper provided the highest increase in the physiological quality of seeds; the solutes PEG 6000 and potassium nitrate are not efficient for coffee seed conditioning and that the parameters, testes of electric conductivity, percentage of chlorogenic and activity of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase enzymes are related with the structure degree of membranes and physiological quality of coffee seeds.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Café Sementes Condicionamento osmótico Tolerância à dessecação Germinação Fisiologia, Coffee seeds Conditioning Desiccation tolerance Physiology
Citação
Guimarães, Renato Mendes. Tolerância à dessecacão e condicionamento fisiológico em sementes de cafeeiro (Coffea arabica, L.). Lavras : UFLA, 2000. 180p. : il. (Tese - Doutorado em Agronomia, área de concentração: Fitotecnia) Orientador: Maria das Graças Guimarães Carvalho Vieira T 633.7321 G963t 2000