Viabilidade da técnica de confusão sexual de machos para o controle do bicho-mineiro do café Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Méneville) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae)
Data
2004-03-08
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A maioria dos Lepidoptera utiliza feromônio sexual para atração do parceiro para o acasalamento. A técnica da interrupção do acasalamento ou confusão sexual de machos é usada para interferir na comunicação entre os parceiros sexuais. Isto é obtido com a liberação de altas doses de feromônio sintético, para saturar o ambiente em que se deseja fazer o controle e, desta forma, diminuir a habilidade dos machos em localizar as fêmeas. O bicho-mineiro do café Leucoptera coffeella é considerado atualmente a principal praga desta cultura no Brasil. O controle químico tem sido o mais utilizado para impedir o ataque deste inseto, causando sérios problemas para o homem e para o meio ambiente. Para amenizar estes problemas, atualmente têm-se desenvolvido novas técnicas de manejo das pragas que atacam esta cultura. O presente trabalho testou, em campo, a viabilidade da técnica de confusão sexual de machos para a redução da população do bicho mineiro do café e com isso a diminuição do prejuízo que este inseto causa à lavoura. Foram instaladas três unidades experimentais de 20 ha. em uma lavoura de café. A eficiência desta técnica foi testada por meio da comparação de machos capturados em armadilhas iscadas com feromônio, entre a área tratada com o feromônio sexual para confundimento e outras duas áreas não tratadas com feromônio. Outra forma de avaliar a eficiência foi por meio da intensidade de injúrias que o inseto causou as folhas. Avaliando os resultados obtidos, pode-se implicar que o emprego do feromônio sexual sintético de L. coffeella não foi efetivo para reduzir os acasalamentos da espécie-praga e para diminuir o dano causado as plantas. Nesse contexto o insucesso pode ser atribuído a uma combinação de vários fatores, merecendo destaque à composição química, dose do feromônio e a formulação empregada, o momento de aplicação na lavoura, densidade populacional e a estratégia de acasalamento da praga, além do tamanho da área tratada e dos fatores climáticos.
Most Lepidoptera use sex pheromones for the attraction of a mate. A technique for controlling lepidopteron pests, denominated mating disruption, aims at obstructing the communication between sexual partners. This is obtained with the release of synthetic pheromone in order to saturate the atmosphere, thereby decreasing the ability of mates to locate each other. The coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella is the main pest of the coffee in Brazil. Chemical control has been used frequently to control the attack of L. coffeella, but this causes serious problems to man and environment. To avoid such problems, new techniques are being developed currently to control the attack of this pest. The present work is a field test of the viability of mating disruption to reduce coffee leaf miner populations and consequently, decrease its damage to the crop. Three experimental units of 20 ha. were installed in a coffee plantation. The intensity of mating disruption was tested through the comparison of synthetic-baited pheromone traps in areas where the sex pheromone was applied and two untreated areas. Another form to measure intensity of mating disruption was through the level of damage that the insect caused to the leaves. The results showed that the employment of the synthetic sex pheromone of L. coffeella did not reduce the mating of the insects and did not decrease the damage of plants. The failure of the mating disruption technique may be attributed to a combination of several factors, such as composition and/or dose of the pheromone and its formulation, the moment of application in the crop, the population density and the mating strategy of the pest, the size of the treated area as well as climatic factors.
Most Lepidoptera use sex pheromones for the attraction of a mate. A technique for controlling lepidopteron pests, denominated mating disruption, aims at obstructing the communication between sexual partners. This is obtained with the release of synthetic pheromone in order to saturate the atmosphere, thereby decreasing the ability of mates to locate each other. The coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella is the main pest of the coffee in Brazil. Chemical control has been used frequently to control the attack of L. coffeella, but this causes serious problems to man and environment. To avoid such problems, new techniques are being developed currently to control the attack of this pest. The present work is a field test of the viability of mating disruption to reduce coffee leaf miner populations and consequently, decrease its damage to the crop. Three experimental units of 20 ha. were installed in a coffee plantation. The intensity of mating disruption was tested through the comparison of synthetic-baited pheromone traps in areas where the sex pheromone was applied and two untreated areas. Another form to measure intensity of mating disruption was through the level of damage that the insect caused to the leaves. The results showed that the employment of the synthetic sex pheromone of L. coffeella did not reduce the mating of the insects and did not decrease the damage of plants. The failure of the mating disruption technique may be attributed to a combination of several factors, such as composition and/or dose of the pheromone and its formulation, the moment of application in the crop, the population density and the mating strategy of the pest, the size of the treated area as well as climatic factors.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
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Citação
AMBROGI, B. G. Viabilidade da técnica de confusão sexual de machos para o controle do bicho-mineiro do café Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Méneville) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae). 2004. 32 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Entomologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG. 2004.