Manipulação da relação fonte-dreno em Coffea arabica L. e seu efeito durante o desenvolvimento dos frutos
Data
2021-08-06
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
O Brasil se posiciona como um dos maiores produtores de café do mundo, com 2,16 milhões de hectares plantados. Associando qualidade e produção, aparece como o maior exportador do grão. A produção de biomassa é dependente da assimilação e partição de carbono (C) na planta. Para o fruto crescer é necessário o C proveniente diretamente da fotossíntese das folhas, das reservas dos ramos e raízes e da assimilação pelo próprio fruto. A manipulação das relações fonte-dreno, através de técnicas como anelamento, desfolhação e remoção de frutos, ajudam a modificar o fluxo de carboidratos, permitindo alterar a partição de carbono na planta. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo determinar a capacidade de produção e estoque de carboidratos nos ramos e frutos da árvore de café. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos: No primeiro, avaliou-se a aplicabilidade da estimativa in situ do volume e área de frutos de café com um método matemático para um elipsoide, criando um método estimativo utilizando um fator de correção para estimar o volume e a área de rosetas de café, comparando aos métodos convencionais. Para isso 569 frutos de diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento foram avaliados e os seguintes parâmetros foram medidos em cada fruto: comprimento (eixo X), largura (eixo Z) e altura (eixo Y). As dimensões coletadas com paquímetro foram utilizadas na equação para estimar volume e área. As dimensões morfométricas dos frutos apresentaram uma alta correlação com as dimensões usadas para uma elipsoide de três eixos diferentes, como o fruto de café. A eficiência desse modelo foi avaliada por regressão linear, mostrando em sua análise ANOVA (p < 0,01) e uma relação linear positiva entre os dois métodos. Afirma-se que os dois modelos são adequados para estimativa in situ do volume e a área dos frutos e nas rosetas de café, sem causar danos nos frutos e com uma estimativa precisa e prática em campo. O segundo experimento visou determinar a contribuição das diferentes partes da árvore de cafeeiro como fonte de carboidratos para o crescimento dos frutos e acúmulo de carboidratos em função dos estágios de desenvolvimento. Os fatores de variação foram as técnicas de manipulação de relações fonte-dreno: (i) anelamento do ramo plagiotrópico e (ii) desfolhação e suas combinações. Foram realizadas 6 coletas ao longo do desenvolvimento dos frutos de cafeeiros para quantificação dos carboidratos. Observou-se limitação e atraso no crescimento dos frutos dos ramos anelados e desfolhados, reduzindo o acúmulo de carboidratos ao longo do desenvolvimento. Ramos anelados e com folhas apresentam maior atividade no metabolismo e transporte de carboidratos, e esse aporte minimizou o impacto no crescimento nos frutos de café. Existe um equilíbrio nas relações fonte-dreno onde todas as partes da planta de café estão conectadas, ajudando no crescimento dos frutos, cujo equilíbrio pode ser alterado de acordo com o incremento da demanda dos frutos.
Brazil is positioned as one of the largest coffee producers in the world, with 2.16 million hectares planted. Combining quality and production, it appears as the largest exporter of the grain. Biomass production is dependent on the assimilation and partition of carbon (C) in the plant. For the fruit to grow, C is required directly from the photosynthesis of the leaves, from the reserves of the branches and roots, and from assimilation by the fruit itself. The manipulation of source-sink relationships, through techniques such as girdling, defoliation and fruit removal, help to modify the carbohydrate flow, allowing to alter the carbon partition in the plant. The objective of this study was to determine the production capacity and carbohydrate storage in the branches and fruits of the coffee tree. Two experiments were conducted: In the first, the applicability of in situ estimation of the volume and area of coffee pods was evaluated with a mathematical method for an ellipsoid, creating an estimation method using a correction factor to estimate the volume and area of coffee rosettes, comparing to conventional methods. For this, 569 fruits of different development stages were evaluated and the following parameters were measured for each fruit: length (X axis), width (Z axis) and height (Y axis). The dimensions collected with a caliper were used in the equation to estimate volume and area. The morphometric dimensions of the fruits showed a high correlation with the dimensions used for an ellipsoid with three different axes, such as the coffee fruit. The efficiency of this model was evaluated by linear regression, showing in its ANOVA analysis (p<0,01) and a positive linear relationship between the two methods. The two models are said to be suitable for in situ estimation of the volume and area of fruits and coffee rosettes, without causing damage to the fruits and with an accurate and practical estimation in the field. The second experiment aimed to determine the contribution of different parts of the coffee tree as a source of carbohydrates for fruit growth and carbohydrate accumulation as a function of development stages. The variation factors were the techniques for manipulating source-sink relationships: (i) girdling of the plagiotropic branch and (ii) defoliation and their combinations. Six collections were carried out during the development of the coffee fruits to quantify the carbohydrates. There was a limitation and delay in the growth of fruits from the ringed and defoliated branches, reducing the accumulation of carbohydrates throughout development. Ringed branches and with leaf show greater activity in the metabolism and transport of carbohydrates, and this contribution minimized the impact on coffee pod growth. There is a balance in source-sink relationships where all parts of the coffee plant are connected, helping fruit growth, whose balance can be changed according to the increase in fruit demand.
Brazil is positioned as one of the largest coffee producers in the world, with 2.16 million hectares planted. Combining quality and production, it appears as the largest exporter of the grain. Biomass production is dependent on the assimilation and partition of carbon (C) in the plant. For the fruit to grow, C is required directly from the photosynthesis of the leaves, from the reserves of the branches and roots, and from assimilation by the fruit itself. The manipulation of source-sink relationships, through techniques such as girdling, defoliation and fruit removal, help to modify the carbohydrate flow, allowing to alter the carbon partition in the plant. The objective of this study was to determine the production capacity and carbohydrate storage in the branches and fruits of the coffee tree. Two experiments were conducted: In the first, the applicability of in situ estimation of the volume and area of coffee pods was evaluated with a mathematical method for an ellipsoid, creating an estimation method using a correction factor to estimate the volume and area of coffee rosettes, comparing to conventional methods. For this, 569 fruits of different development stages were evaluated and the following parameters were measured for each fruit: length (X axis), width (Z axis) and height (Y axis). The dimensions collected with a caliper were used in the equation to estimate volume and area. The morphometric dimensions of the fruits showed a high correlation with the dimensions used for an ellipsoid with three different axes, such as the coffee fruit. The efficiency of this model was evaluated by linear regression, showing in its ANOVA analysis (p<0,01) and a positive linear relationship between the two methods. The two models are said to be suitable for in situ estimation of the volume and area of fruits and coffee rosettes, without causing damage to the fruits and with an accurate and practical estimation in the field. The second experiment aimed to determine the contribution of different parts of the coffee tree as a source of carbohydrates for fruit growth and carbohydrate accumulation as a function of development stages. The variation factors were the techniques for manipulating source-sink relationships: (i) girdling of the plagiotropic branch and (ii) defoliation and their combinations. Six collections were carried out during the development of the coffee fruits to quantify the carbohydrates. There was a limitation and delay in the growth of fruits from the ringed and defoliated branches, reducing the accumulation of carbohydrates throughout development. Ringed branches and with leaf show greater activity in the metabolism and transport of carbohydrates, and this contribution minimized the impact on coffee pod growth. There is a balance in source-sink relationships where all parts of the coffee plant are connected, helping fruit growth, whose balance can be changed according to the increase in fruit demand.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Partição do carbono, Café - Crescimento dos frutos, Relações fonte-dreno, Café - Desenvolvimento dos frutos, Carbon splitting, Coffee - Fruits growing, Source-sink relationships, Coffee - Fruit development
Citação
SANCHEZ, Marlon Alexander Peralta. Manipulação da relação fonte-dreno em Coffea arabica L. e seu efeito durante o desenvolvimento dos frutos. 2021. 77 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia/Fisiologia Vegetal) – Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 2021.