Alterações químicas no solo e na água de drenagem decorrentes da aplicação da água residuária do processamento dos frutos do cafeeiro
Data
2010-08-31
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
A reutilização de resíduos culturais na agricultura é uma alternativa promissora, que permite suster o agroambiente proporcionando melhorias ao sistema solo-planta. Nesse sentido, a água residuária oriunda do processamento dos frutos do café (ARC) pode ser utilizada na agricultura como fertilizante natural, respeitando a concentração dos nutrientes nela contidos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo utilizar dois solos como meio de tratamento da ARC, possibilitando a remoção de material orgânico e inorgânico presentes nesses efluentes. Para isso, fez-se ensaio de colunas de solos, sendo aplicados a eles a ARC. A ARC foi coletada no período de julho e agosto e as amostras de solos foram retiradas em profundidade de 0 a 40 cm, em dois solos classificados como Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo, apresentando texturas diferentes, sendo o solo um de textura média e o solo dois de textura arenosa. Foram coletadas amostras do lixiviado da ARC e foram feitas determinações de pH, condutividade elétrica (CE), demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), P, Ca, Mg e K. Após a percolação da ARC em colunas de solos, as mesmas foram encaminhadas ao laboratório a fim de proceder as determinações de P, K, Ca, Mg, pH, matéria orgânica do solo (MOS), soma de bases, capacidade de troca de cátions (CTC) em pH 7, CTC efetiva e índice de saturação em bases. Foi possível concluir que a ARC contribuiu para a alteração das concentrações de pH e Mg, aumento da CTC em pH 7 e da concentração de K, diminuição do índice de saturação em bases e da concentração de Ca, sendo que as concentrações de P, MOS, CTC efetiva e soma de bases não foram significativamente alteradas pela adição da ARC. Para o solo de textura arenosa, a ARC contribuiu para a alteração do pH e da concentração de K, diminuição da concentração de Ca, MOS, soma de bases e índice de saturação em bases, aumento da CTC em pH 7, sendo que as concentrações de P, Mg e CTC efetiva não foram alteradas significativamente pela adição da ARC. Com relação às águas de drenagem decorrentes da aplicação da ARC em colunas de solo de textura média, pode-se concluir que houve aumento do pH, CE e da concentração de Ca, diminuição da DQO, da concentração de Mg e P, sendo que a concentração de K não foi significativamente alterada. Quanto às águas do lixiviado da ARC nas colunas de solo de textura arenosa, pode-se inferir que houve aumento do pH, da concentração de Ca e Mg, diminuição da CE, DQO e em alguns momentos da concentração de P, sendo que a concentração de K não foi significativamente alterada.
Reuse of crop residues in agriculture is a promising alternative, which allows sustain agroenvironment providing improvements to the soil-plant system. This sense, the wastewater coming from the processing of coffee fruits (ARC) can be used as natural fertilizer in agriculture, respecting the concentration of nutrients it contains. This study had as objective use two soils as a means of treatment of ARC, allowing the removal of organic and inorganic material present in these effluents. For this, made to test soil columns, being applied to them the ARC. The ARC was collected during july and august and soil samples were removed in depth from 0 to 40 cm in two soils classified as Yellow Red Latosol, with different textures, being one soil of medium texture and two soil of arenaceous texture. Samples were collected from the leachate of the ARC and were made the measurements of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), P, Ca, Mg and K. After percolation of the ARC in soil columns, they were directed to the laboratory to proceed the determinations of P, K, Ca, Mg, pH, soil organic matter (SOM), total bases, cation exchange capacity (CEC) at pH 7, effective CEC and base saturation index. It was concluded that the ARC contributed to the change in the levels of pH and Mg, CEC at pH 7 and concentration of K, reduced the base saturation index and Ca concentration, and the concentration of P, SOM, effective CEC and total bases was not significantly altered by the addition of the ARC. For arenaceous soil, the ARC has contributed to the change of pH and concentration of K, reduction in the Ca concentration, SOM, total of bases and base saturation index, increased CEC at pH 7, and the concentrations P, Mg and effective CEC were not significantly altered by the addition of the ARC. With respect the drainage water from the application of ARC in columns of the medium textured soil can conclude that increasing pH, EC and Ca concentration, reduced the COD, the concentration of Mg and P, and the concentration of K was not significantly changed. As the waters of the leachate from the ARC in the columns of arenaceous soil can bein ferred that there was an increase of pH, Ca and Mg concentration, reduced of the EC, COD and at times the P concentration, and the concentration of K was not significantly altered.
Reuse of crop residues in agriculture is a promising alternative, which allows sustain agroenvironment providing improvements to the soil-plant system. This sense, the wastewater coming from the processing of coffee fruits (ARC) can be used as natural fertilizer in agriculture, respecting the concentration of nutrients it contains. This study had as objective use two soils as a means of treatment of ARC, allowing the removal of organic and inorganic material present in these effluents. For this, made to test soil columns, being applied to them the ARC. The ARC was collected during july and august and soil samples were removed in depth from 0 to 40 cm in two soils classified as Yellow Red Latosol, with different textures, being one soil of medium texture and two soil of arenaceous texture. Samples were collected from the leachate of the ARC and were made the measurements of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), P, Ca, Mg and K. After percolation of the ARC in soil columns, they were directed to the laboratory to proceed the determinations of P, K, Ca, Mg, pH, soil organic matter (SOM), total bases, cation exchange capacity (CEC) at pH 7, effective CEC and base saturation index. It was concluded that the ARC contributed to the change in the levels of pH and Mg, CEC at pH 7 and concentration of K, reduced the base saturation index and Ca concentration, and the concentration of P, SOM, effective CEC and total bases was not significantly altered by the addition of the ARC. For arenaceous soil, the ARC has contributed to the change of pH and concentration of K, reduction in the Ca concentration, SOM, total of bases and base saturation index, increased CEC at pH 7, and the concentrations P, Mg and effective CEC were not significantly altered by the addition of the ARC. With respect the drainage water from the application of ARC in columns of the medium textured soil can conclude that increasing pH, EC and Ca concentration, reduced the COD, the concentration of Mg and P, and the concentration of K was not significantly changed. As the waters of the leachate from the ARC in the columns of arenaceous soil can bein ferred that there was an increase of pH, Ca and Mg concentration, reduced of the EC, COD and at times the P concentration, and the concentration of K was not significantly altered.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo.
Palavras-chave
Café arábica, Coffea arabica, Resíduo agrícola, Água residuária
Citação
CABANÊZ, P. A. Alterações químicas no solo e na água de drenagem decorrentes da aplicação da água residuária do processamento dos frutos do cafeeiro. 2010. 57 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Produção Vegetal) - Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre. 2010.