Avaliação da microbiota presente no processamento úmido do café e do uso de culturas iniciadoras no processamento natural e semi-seco
Data
2014-04-08
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
O café está entre as bebidas mais consumidas, e é um produto de grande importância para a economia do Brasil, principal país produtor e exportador. Existe uma microbiota presente no café composta por leveduras, fungos e bactérias. Durante o processamento dos frutos, a atividade metabólica desta microbiota natural pode influenciar na qualidade final do produto. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o uso de leveduras como culturas iniciadoras no processamento natural e semi-seco do café, e conhecer a microbiota presente durante o processamento úmido do café. Métodos dependentes e independentes (PCR-DGGE) decultivo foram utilizados para avaliar a microbiota. As técnicas cromatográficas – cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) e cromatografia gasosa (GC) foram usadas para caracterização do perfil de ácidos e compostos voláteis. A metodologia Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) foi utilizada na análise sensorial. O uso de culturas iniciadoras no processamento semi-seco do café, demonstrou ser uma alternativa para se obter um produto diferenciado. Os ácidos propiônico e butírico, que podem prejudicar as características sensoriais, não foram detectados, a presença de culturas iniciadoras promoveu uma maior concentração de voláteis no café torrado e proporcionou um sabor de caramelo, sendo os melhores resultados obtidos para Candida parapsilosis UFLA YCN448 e Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFLA YCN727. Durante o processamento úmido do café foi possível identificar uma grande variedade de espécies de levedura, sendo as principais Pichiacaribbica (53%), Hanseniaspora uvarum (35.57%), Torulaspora delbrueckii (50%), e de bactérias, sendo as principais Staphylococcus warneri, Erwinia persicina (19.61%), Enterobacter asburiae (41.80 %) e Leuconostoc mesenteroides. O uso da técnica de DGGE combinado com o método dependente de cultivo foi necessário para se obter uma melhor avaliação das espécies de micro- organismos presentes durante a fermentação do café.
Coffee is among the most consumed beverages and is a product of great importance for economy in Brazil, the main producer and exporter. There is a microbial flora present in coffee composed by yeast, fungi and bacteria. During the processing of the fruits, the metabolic activity of this natural microbial flora may influence the final quality of the product. The present work aimed at evaluating the use of yeast as initiating culture in the natural and semi-dry processing of coffee, as well as come to know the microbial flora present during the humid processing. Dependent and independent cultivating methods (PCR- DGGE) were used to evaluate the microbial flora. The chromatographic techniques – high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) were used to characterize the profile of volatile acids and compounds. The Temporal Dominance Sensations (TDS) methodology was used in the sensorial analysis. The use of initiating cultures in the semi-dry processing of coffee showed to be an alternative to obtain a differentiated product. The propionic and butyric acids, which may compromise the sensorial characteristics, were not detected, and the presence of initiating cultures promoted a higher concentration of volatile products on toasted coffee and provided a caramel flavor, with the best results being obtained for Candida parapsilosis UFLA YCN448 and Sacchatomyces cerevisiae UFLA YCN727. During the humid processing of the coffee it was possible to identify a large variety of yeast species, the main species being Pichia caribbica (53%), Hanseniaspora uvarum (35.57%), Torulaspora delbrueckii (50%), and of bacterias, the main species being Staphylococcus warneri, Erwinia persicina (19.61%), Enterobacter asburiae (41.80%) and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. The use of the DGGE technique combined with the dependent cultivation method was necessary to obtain a better evaluation of the microorganism species present during coffee fermentation.
Coffee is among the most consumed beverages and is a product of great importance for economy in Brazil, the main producer and exporter. There is a microbial flora present in coffee composed by yeast, fungi and bacteria. During the processing of the fruits, the metabolic activity of this natural microbial flora may influence the final quality of the product. The present work aimed at evaluating the use of yeast as initiating culture in the natural and semi-dry processing of coffee, as well as come to know the microbial flora present during the humid processing. Dependent and independent cultivating methods (PCR- DGGE) were used to evaluate the microbial flora. The chromatographic techniques – high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) were used to characterize the profile of volatile acids and compounds. The Temporal Dominance Sensations (TDS) methodology was used in the sensorial analysis. The use of initiating cultures in the semi-dry processing of coffee showed to be an alternative to obtain a differentiated product. The propionic and butyric acids, which may compromise the sensorial characteristics, were not detected, and the presence of initiating cultures promoted a higher concentration of volatile products on toasted coffee and provided a caramel flavor, with the best results being obtained for Candida parapsilosis UFLA YCN448 and Sacchatomyces cerevisiae UFLA YCN727. During the humid processing of the coffee it was possible to identify a large variety of yeast species, the main species being Pichia caribbica (53%), Hanseniaspora uvarum (35.57%), Torulaspora delbrueckii (50%), and of bacterias, the main species being Staphylococcus warneri, Erwinia persicina (19.61%), Enterobacter asburiae (41.80%) and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. The use of the DGGE technique combined with the dependent cultivation method was necessary to obtain a better evaluation of the microorganism species present during coffee fermentation.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Processamento semi-seco, Culturas iniciadoras, Processamento úmido, microbiota, PCR-DGGE
Citação
EVANGELISTA, S. R. Avaliação da microbiota presente no processamento úmido do café e do uso de culturas iniciadoras no processamento natural e semi-seco. 2014. 183 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência dos Alimentos) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2014.