Diversidade de ácaros em cafeeiros encontrados naturalmente no interior de fragamentos florestais e em cafezais adjacentes cultivados a pleno sol.
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2007
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Resumo
Agroecossistemas com diversidade de plantas podem resultar em oportunidades no aumento das condições ambientais favoráveis aos inimigos naturais e, conseqüentemente, aumento no controle biológico, já que áreas de vegetação natural próximas aos cultivos fornecem hábitats apropriados à preservação de inimigos naturais. Foram estudados cafeeiros encontrados naturalmente no interior e na borda de dois fragmentos florestais e em cafeeiros adjacentes cultivados a pleno sol. A avaliação foi feita em 2004 e 2005, constando de duas coletas, ambas realizadas após o período seco de cada ano. Nos cafeeiros cultivados a pleno sol foram coletadas 15 folhas por unidade amostral, totalizando 45 folhas a 25 metros da borda e 45 folhas a 50 metros da borda. Nos fragmentos florestais adjacentes ao cafezal, foram amostrados cinco cafeeiros na borda do fragmento, e cinco no seu interior, coletando-se cinco folhas por planta, totalizando 25 folhas em cada ponto. As folhas coletadas foram acondicionadas em saco plástico, e posteriormente foram submetidas ao método da lavagem para coleta dos ácaros. Estes foram acondicionados em tubos plásticos com álcool 70%, e posteriormente foram montados em lâminas contendo meio de Hoyer, e a identificação foi realizada em nível de família. A família Phytoseiidae de ácaros predadores foi a que apresentou maior número de ácaros por folha (4,1), e também foi dominante, muito abundante, muito freqüente e constante, principalmente no interior das matas, seguida das famílias Tenuipalpidae de ácaros fitófagos e Tydeidae de ácaros generalistas.
Agroecosystems with diversity of plants can result in opportunities in the increase of the favorable environmental conditions to the natural enemies and, consequently, increase in the biological control, since areas of close natural vegetation to the crops supply appropriate habitats to the natural enemies' preservation. They coffee plants found naturally inside and in the border of two forest fragments and in adjacent coffee plants cultivated to full sun were studied. The evaluation was made in 2004 and 2005, consisting of two collections, both accomplished after the dry period of every year. In the coffee plant cultivated to full sun 15 leaves were collected by survey unit, totaling 45 leaves to 25 meters of the border and 45 leaves to 50 meters of the border. In the forest fragments adjacent to the coffee plantation, five coffee plants were surveyed in the border of the fragment, and five in its interior, collecting five leaves per plant, totaling 25 leaves in each point. The collected leaves were conditioned in plastic bags, and later were submitted to the wash method for collection of the mites. These were conditioned in plastic tubes with 70% alcohol, and later mounted on glass slides containing Hoyer’ medium, and the identification was accomplished only at family level. The family Phytoseiidae of predatory mites was the one that presented larger number of mites per leaf (4.1), and it was also dominant, very abundant, very frequently and constant, mainly inside the forests, followed by the Tenuipalpidae family of phytophagous mites and Tydeidae of generalist mites.
Agroecosystems with diversity of plants can result in opportunities in the increase of the favorable environmental conditions to the natural enemies and, consequently, increase in the biological control, since areas of close natural vegetation to the crops supply appropriate habitats to the natural enemies' preservation. They coffee plants found naturally inside and in the border of two forest fragments and in adjacent coffee plants cultivated to full sun were studied. The evaluation was made in 2004 and 2005, consisting of two collections, both accomplished after the dry period of every year. In the coffee plant cultivated to full sun 15 leaves were collected by survey unit, totaling 45 leaves to 25 meters of the border and 45 leaves to 50 meters of the border. In the forest fragments adjacent to the coffee plantation, five coffee plants were surveyed in the border of the fragment, and five in its interior, collecting five leaves per plant, totaling 25 leaves in each point. The collected leaves were conditioned in plastic bags, and later were submitted to the wash method for collection of the mites. These were conditioned in plastic tubes with 70% alcohol, and later mounted on glass slides containing Hoyer’ medium, and the identification was accomplished only at family level. The family Phytoseiidae of predatory mites was the one that presented larger number of mites per leaf (4.1), and it was also dominant, very abundant, very frequently and constant, mainly inside the forests, followed by the Tenuipalpidae family of phytophagous mites and Tydeidae of generalist mites.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (5. : 2007 : Águas de Lindóia, SP). Anais. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa Café, 2007.
Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica, manejo integrado de pragas, sustentabilidade, ácaro., Coffea arabica, Integrated Pest Management, sustainability, mites.
Citação
Thaiana M. B. de CARVALHO; Paulo R. REIS; Ester A. SILVA.Diversidade de ácaros em cafeeiros encontrados naturalmente no interior de fragamentos florestais e em cafezais adjacentes cultivados a pleno sol. In: Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (5. : Águas de Lindóia, SP : 2007). Anais. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa - Café, 2007. (1 CD-ROM), 4p