Decomposição e liberação de nutrientes de resíduos vegetais em sistemas agroflorestais, no sul do estado do Espírito Santo
Data
2016-07-28
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
As regiões tropicais concentram grande biodiversidade natural. No entanto, a agricultura convencional, não incorporou essa biodiversidade aos seus processos produtivos. Sistemas Agroflorestais (SAFs), são sistemas produtivos que buscam consorciar, pelo menos um componente arbóreo aos cultivos agrícolas. Esses sistemas contribuem para melhor produção de matéria orgânica e ciclagem de nutrientes, essenciais para garantir a sustentabilidade na agricultura tropical. Buscando contribuir para o conhecimento acerca da ciclagem de nutrientes em SAFs, este trabalho avaliou a decomposição e liberação de nutrientes por resíduos vegetais de cafeeiro (Coffea arábica), ingá (Inga sp). e bananeira (Musa sp.) em sistemas agroflorestais no Estado do Espírito Santo. O estudo foi desenvolvido em duas propriedades rurais de agricultores familiares em Alegre-ES. Foram utilizados litterbags preenchidos com diferentes misturas de material vegetativo das três espécies citadas. Os litterbags foram levados a campo para avaliar a liberação de nutrientes (N, P, K, Ca e Mg) e redução de massa seca a cada 60 dias durante um ano. Para a liberação de N, houve diferenças entre os tratamentos, sendo que, aqueles que continham ingá apresentaram os maiores teores. O nutriente que se disponibilizou mais rapidamente foi o K com liberação rápida até os 180 dias. Em relação ao Ca e Mg, ocorreu imobilização em todos os tratamentos. O P tem sua mineralização efetiva a partir dos 180 dias. Já o nitrogênio, apresenta tendência a mineralização a partir dos 300 dias. Pelos baixos níveis de P presentes no solo do SAF2, as podas se mostraram importantes para incrementar a ciclagem deste elemento evitando assim que grande parte dele fique imobilizada nos tecidos do ingá. A combinação de espécies de mais rápida decomposição e liberação de nutrientes, com aquelas de decomposição mais lenta é importante para um fluxo mais contínuo de nutrientes, podendo garantir maior aproveitamento da adubação mineral
Tropical regions concentrate a large natural biodiversity. However, in conventional agriculture, it was not incorporated. Agroforestry systems are productive systems that seek consorting at least one tree component to the agricultural. These systems contribute to the production of organic matter and nutrient cycling, essential to ensure sustainability in tropical agriculture. Seeking to contribute to the knowledge of nutrient cycling in agroforestry systems, this study evaluated the decomposition and release of nutrients for plant residues of Coffea arabica, Inga sp. and Musa sp. in agroforestry systems in the State of Espírito Santo. The study was conducted in two farms of family farmers in Alegre- ES. Litterbags was used filled with different mixtures of plant material of the three species mentioned. The litterbags field were taken to evaluate the release of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and reduced dry weight every 60 days in a year. The quadratic regression model was the best fit for dry mass reduction and release of nutrients in the two agroforestry systems.. For N, there were differences between treatments, and the ones containing inga showed the highest levels. The nutrient that is released faster K, with quick release up to 180 days. Residues are shown a source of rapidly available K. As for Ca, Mg immobilization occurred in all treatments. The P has its effective mineralization from 180 days. Since nitrogen has a tendency to mineralization from 300 days. Low levels of P present in the soil SAF2, pruning are very important for increasing the cycling of the element thus preventing much of it becomes immobilized in inga tissues. The combination of species, those with rapid decomposition and release of nutrients from those with slow decomposition is important to ensure continuous flow of nutrients, and may provide greater utilization of mineral fertilization.
Tropical regions concentrate a large natural biodiversity. However, in conventional agriculture, it was not incorporated. Agroforestry systems are productive systems that seek consorting at least one tree component to the agricultural. These systems contribute to the production of organic matter and nutrient cycling, essential to ensure sustainability in tropical agriculture. Seeking to contribute to the knowledge of nutrient cycling in agroforestry systems, this study evaluated the decomposition and release of nutrients for plant residues of Coffea arabica, Inga sp. and Musa sp. in agroforestry systems in the State of Espírito Santo. The study was conducted in two farms of family farmers in Alegre- ES. Litterbags was used filled with different mixtures of plant material of the three species mentioned. The litterbags field were taken to evaluate the release of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and reduced dry weight every 60 days in a year. The quadratic regression model was the best fit for dry mass reduction and release of nutrients in the two agroforestry systems.. For N, there were differences between treatments, and the ones containing inga showed the highest levels. The nutrient that is released faster K, with quick release up to 180 days. Residues are shown a source of rapidly available K. As for Ca, Mg immobilization occurred in all treatments. The P has its effective mineralization from 180 days. Since nitrogen has a tendency to mineralization from 300 days. Low levels of P present in the soil SAF2, pruning are very important for increasing the cycling of the element thus preventing much of it becomes immobilized in inga tissues. The combination of species, those with rapid decomposition and release of nutrients from those with slow decomposition is important to ensure continuous flow of nutrients, and may provide greater utilization of mineral fertilization.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Palavras-chave
Sistemas agroflorestais - Espírito Santo, Resíduos vegetais - Cafeeiro, Resíduos vegetais - Ingá (Botânica), Resíduos vegetais - Bananeira
Citação
PINTO, V. S. Decomposição e liberação de nutrientes de resíduos vegetais em sistemas agroflorestais, no sul do estado do Espírito Santo. 2016. 44 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência Florestal) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG. 2016.