Seletividade de inseticidas usados no manejo do Bicho-mineiro do cafeeiro a vespas predadoras.
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Data
2007
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Resumo
A conservação de inimigos naturais é um componente importante no manejo integrado de pragas. Neste trabalho, estudou-se a seletividade de 11 inseticidas usados para manejar Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Méneville) aos predadores Protonectarina sylveirae (Saussure), Polybia scutellaris (White) e Protopolybia exigua (Saussure) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Os inseticidas foram empregados em concentrações que correspondem a 50% e 100% da dosagem utilizada para o manejo de L. coffeella. Os organofosforados (exceto a subdose do etiom a P. scutellaris) foram altamente tóxicos aos três Vespidae estudados. Cartape não apresentou seletividade em favor de P. escutellaris e P. exigua, mas foi medianamente tóxico a P. sylveirae. Os piretróides cipermetrina, deltametrina, betaciflutrina, zetacipermetrina e esfenvalerato foram seletivos a pelo menos uma espécie de Vespidae estudada. As mortalidades causadas por etiom, cipermetrina, deltametrina, betaciflutrina e zetacipermetrina a P. scutellaris decresceram quando se utilizou metade das doses. Essa redução na mortalidade também foi observada para permetrina em P. exigua e para deltametrina em P. sylveirae. P. sylveirae foi mais tolerante ao cartape do que P. scutellaris e P. exigua. A vespa P. scutellaris foi mais tolerante ao etiom do que P. sylveirae e P. exigua. A espécie P. exigua foi a mais tolerante a piretróides. Os resultados dessa pesquisa foram obtidos em condições de exposição extrema e, portanto indicam que piretróides são possivelmente seletivos a vespas predadoras em condições de campo.
Conservation of natural enemies is an important component of integrated pest management. In this work, the selectivity of 11 insecticides used for management of Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Méneville) was studied to Protonectarina sylveirae (Saussure), Polybia scutellaris (White) and Protopolybia exigua (Saussure) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). The insecticides were applied in concentrations corresponding to 50% and 100% of the field rates used for management of L. coffeella. The organophosphates (except the 50% rate of ethion to P. scutellaris) were highly toxic to all three Vespidae species. Cartap was highly toxic to P. escutellaris and P. exigua but showed median selectivity to P. sylveirae. The pyrethroids cypermethrin, deltamethrin, betacyfluthrin, zetacypermethrin, and esfenvalerate were selective to at least one of wasp species. The mortality of P. scutelaris caused by ethion, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, betacyfluthrin and zetacypermethrin decreased when 50% of the recommended rates were used. This reduction was also observed for the mortality of P. exigua by permethrin and for the mortality of P. sylveirae by deltamethrin. P. sylveirae was the most tolerant species to cartap; P. scutellaris was the most tolerant to ethion, while P. exigua was more tolerant to pyrethroids than P. scutellaris and P. sylveirae. The results of this research indicate that pyrethroid insecticides are likely to be selective to predatory wasps in field settings given their overall selectivity in the conditions of extreme exposure of this study.
Conservation of natural enemies is an important component of integrated pest management. In this work, the selectivity of 11 insecticides used for management of Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Méneville) was studied to Protonectarina sylveirae (Saussure), Polybia scutellaris (White) and Protopolybia exigua (Saussure) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). The insecticides were applied in concentrations corresponding to 50% and 100% of the field rates used for management of L. coffeella. The organophosphates (except the 50% rate of ethion to P. scutellaris) were highly toxic to all three Vespidae species. Cartap was highly toxic to P. escutellaris and P. exigua but showed median selectivity to P. sylveirae. The pyrethroids cypermethrin, deltamethrin, betacyfluthrin, zetacypermethrin, and esfenvalerate were selective to at least one of wasp species. The mortality of P. scutelaris caused by ethion, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, betacyfluthrin and zetacypermethrin decreased when 50% of the recommended rates were used. This reduction was also observed for the mortality of P. exigua by permethrin and for the mortality of P. sylveirae by deltamethrin. P. sylveirae was the most tolerant species to cartap; P. scutellaris was the most tolerant to ethion, while P. exigua was more tolerant to pyrethroids than P. scutellaris and P. sylveirae. The results of this research indicate that pyrethroid insecticides are likely to be selective to predatory wasps in field settings given their overall selectivity in the conditions of extreme exposure of this study.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (5. : 2007 : Águas de Lindóia, SP). Anais. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa Café, 2007.
Palavras-chave
Leucoptera coffeella, vespas, Protonectarina sylveirae, Polybia scutellaris, Protopolybia exigua., Leucoptera coffeella, wasps, Protonectarina sylveirae, Polybia scutellaris, Protopolybia exigua.
Citação
Leandro BACCI; Eliseu J.G. PEREIRA; Flávio L. FERNANDES; Marcelo C. PICANÇO; André L.B. CRESPO; Mateus R. CAMPOS. Seletividade de inseticidas usados no manejo do Bicho-mineiro do cafeeiro a vespas predadoras.