Diversificação da agricultura familiar no Sul de Minas Gerais: uma análise da percepção de professores e pesquisadores
Data
2008-02-25
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar e descrever a percepção que pesquisadores e professores universitários possuem da diversificação como um meio para promover o desenvolvimento da agropecuária familiar sul-mineira e confrontar a percepção desses profissionais com a percepção dos diferentes atores sociais identificadas nos estudos anteriores, os produtores familiares, técnicos e representantes do governo local. Com relação à coleta de dados, utilizou-se a técnica “focused interview”. Os entrevistados foram selecionados pelo método não- probabilístico de amostragem por julgamento, sendo seis professores universitários e três pesquisadores. As duas categorias de entrevistados desse estudo tendem perceber a diversificação como favorável ao desenvolvimento da agropecuária familiar sul-mineira, por representar uma alternativa de renda e reduzir riscos econômicos, evitando dessa forma, o êxodo rural. Os principais objetos de orientação que influenciaram a percepção dos atores, levando-os a considerar a diversificação como favorável, foram os fatores edafoclimáticos (clima, solo e recursos hídricos), os fatores infra-estruturais (estrutura viária, rede de escolas, assistência técnica e pesquisa ligada à agropecuária) e de localização, isto é, proximidade de grandes áreas metropolitanas. Apenas um dos pesquisadores entrevistados atribuiu à diversificação o caráter limitante por considerar que “uma diversificação muito grande” pode gerar dificuldades na comercialização e pelo fato de avaliar que o aumento de renda não seria significativo. Percebe-se que a diversificação agrícola é mais utilizada na região, tendo como principal alternativa a fruticultura com destaque para o figo e goiaba, e entre as atividades que envolvem a diversificação rural foram citadas a “agroindústria do produtor” e o turismo rural, sendo, no entanto, pouco exploradas na região. Pode-se perceber que nem sempre o que é considerado melhor para os produtores, na opinião dos próprios produtores, é visto da mesma forma pelos técnicos representantes do governo local, professores universitários e pesquisadores. Isso pode ser explicado pelo fato desses atores possuírem experiências, valores e crenças diferenciadas e situarem-se em diferentes contextos guiados por diferentes objetos de orientação para formação de sua percepção. Essa constatação sugere a necessidade de os formuladores de projetos de desenvolvimento levarem em conta as opiniões de diferentes atores sociais, adotando uma postura mais participativa.
The objective of this research was to identify and to describe the perception that researchers and university lectures possess of the diversification as a middle to promote the development of the family farming in the southern Minas Gerais and to confront those professionals' perception with the different social actors' perception identified in the previous studies, family farmers' leaderships, agricultural technicians who advise them and local governments' representatives. With relation to data collection, the technique ‘focused interview’ was used. The interviewee were selected by the non- probabilistic method of sampling by judgment, where six professors and three researchers. The two categories of interviewees this research tend to see the diversification as a favorable development means while its represents for family farmers an income alternative and to reduce economical risks, avoiding in that way, the rural exodus. The main orientation objects that guided the actors' perceptions to consider the diversification as favorable means were the natural resources (climate, soil, hydric resources), infra-structural (structure of road , net of schools, technical attendance and researches related to the agricultural) and location factors, that is, proximities of great metropolitan areas. One of the researchers interviewees just attributed to the diversification the character of limiting factor for considering that "a very big" diversification can generate difficulties in the commercialization and for the fact of evaluating that the increase of income would not be significant. It is noticed that the agricultural diversification is more used in the study area, and its main activities involves horticulture, with prominence for the fig and guava, and among the activities that involve the rural diversification the “agroindustry of the producer” and the rural tourism they were mentioned, being, however, little explored in the area. It was observed that not always what producers considered to be better for themselves was seen in the same way by the technicians, the local government's representatives, researches and professors. These distinct visions may be explained by social characteristics that differentiate an actor from another, such as different experiences, values and background. These social factors may also conduct actors to have different interpretation and situational orientation. That verification suggests the agents' of development projects need they take into account the different social actors' opinions, adopting a posture more participant.
The objective of this research was to identify and to describe the perception that researchers and university lectures possess of the diversification as a middle to promote the development of the family farming in the southern Minas Gerais and to confront those professionals' perception with the different social actors' perception identified in the previous studies, family farmers' leaderships, agricultural technicians who advise them and local governments' representatives. With relation to data collection, the technique ‘focused interview’ was used. The interviewee were selected by the non- probabilistic method of sampling by judgment, where six professors and three researchers. The two categories of interviewees this research tend to see the diversification as a favorable development means while its represents for family farmers an income alternative and to reduce economical risks, avoiding in that way, the rural exodus. The main orientation objects that guided the actors' perceptions to consider the diversification as favorable means were the natural resources (climate, soil, hydric resources), infra-structural (structure of road , net of schools, technical attendance and researches related to the agricultural) and location factors, that is, proximities of great metropolitan areas. One of the researchers interviewees just attributed to the diversification the character of limiting factor for considering that "a very big" diversification can generate difficulties in the commercialization and for the fact of evaluating that the increase of income would not be significant. It is noticed that the agricultural diversification is more used in the study area, and its main activities involves horticulture, with prominence for the fig and guava, and among the activities that involve the rural diversification the “agroindustry of the producer” and the rural tourism they were mentioned, being, however, little explored in the area. It was observed that not always what producers considered to be better for themselves was seen in the same way by the technicians, the local government's representatives, researches and professors. These distinct visions may be explained by social characteristics that differentiate an actor from another, such as different experiences, values and background. These social factors may also conduct actors to have different interpretation and situational orientation. That verification suggests the agents' of development projects need they take into account the different social actors' opinions, adopting a posture more participant.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Diversificação, Agricultura familiar, Desenvolvimento
Citação
SANTANA, A. C. Diversificação da agricultura familiar no Sul de Minas Gerais: uma análise da percepção de professores e pesquisadores. 2008. 118 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Administração) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2008.