Estimativa do coeficiente de cultura do cafeeiro em função de variáveis climatológicas e fitotécnicas
Data
2002-01
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Editor
Instituto Agronômico (IAC)
Resumo
Com base em pesquisa realizada no cafezal do Departamento de Produção Vegetal da ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo, utilizando a cultivar Mundo Novo IAC 388-17, enxertada na cultivar Apoatã IAC 2258, plantada no espaçamento de 2,5 m x 1,0 m (4.000 plantas.ha-1), propôs-se um método para a estimativa do coeficiente de cultura (Kc) de café. O método fundamentou-se na estimativa da transpiração do cafeeiro em função de variáveis climatológicas e fitotécnicas (área foliar, densidade de plantas e manejo de plantas daninhas). Entre 15 e 40 meses após a implantação do cafezal, realizaram-se estimativas de Kc nas condições de densidade de plantio e da área foliar do cafeeiro, bem como simulações para diferentes densidades, na presença e na ausência de plantas daninhas. Os resultados evidenciaram a dinâmica do coeficiente de cultura (Kc) com a variação da área foliar e a densidade de plantio. O Kc estimado foi superior na presença de mato até 30 meses após o plantio, para o espaçamento adotado neste experimento. Em comparação com os dados de Kc para café indicados na literatura, o método proporcionou resultados consistentes, com a vantagem de permitir simulações para diferentes densidades de plantas. Em vista dos resultados, sugerem-se estudos adicionais da relação entre área foliar e densidade de plantas elevada, ou seja, que ultrapasse o limite adotado neste experimento, de 4.000 plantas.ha-1.
With the objective of proposing a new approach to estimate the crop coefficient (Kc) for coffee, a field experiment was carried out at the Crop Production Department of ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil (latitude: 22º43'30"S, longitude: 47º38'00"W and altitude 580 m). The method was based on the estimates of crop transpiration as function of weather and crop variables (plant density, leaf area and weeds management). The cultivar Mundo Novo IAC 388-17 grafted on the cultivar Apoatã IAC 2258 was planted on the spacing of 2.5 m x 1.0 m (4,000 plants.ha-1). From 15 to 40 months of age, at intervals of 60 to 150 days, crop water consumption was estimated through a water balance procedure, assuming a uniform water status of the crop. Leaf area of two plants was assessed in 18 occasions during the experimental period, using the equipment LI-COR 3100 (Lambda Corporation, NE, USA). The values of Kc had a dynamic behavior with the increase of the transpiring surface as a function of leaf area and planting density. The presence of weed caused increases on Kc up to 30 months after planting. Comparing the values of Kc available in the literature to the ones obtained in this work, the present approach provided consistent results, with the advantage of allowing the simulation of other planting density conditions within the limit of 4,000 plants.ha-1 evaluated.
With the objective of proposing a new approach to estimate the crop coefficient (Kc) for coffee, a field experiment was carried out at the Crop Production Department of ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil (latitude: 22º43'30"S, longitude: 47º38'00"W and altitude 580 m). The method was based on the estimates of crop transpiration as function of weather and crop variables (plant density, leaf area and weeds management). The cultivar Mundo Novo IAC 388-17 grafted on the cultivar Apoatã IAC 2258 was planted on the spacing of 2.5 m x 1.0 m (4,000 plants.ha-1). From 15 to 40 months of age, at intervals of 60 to 150 days, crop water consumption was estimated through a water balance procedure, assuming a uniform water status of the crop. Leaf area of two plants was assessed in 18 occasions during the experimental period, using the equipment LI-COR 3100 (Lambda Corporation, NE, USA). The values of Kc had a dynamic behavior with the increase of the transpiring surface as a function of leaf area and planting density. The presence of weed caused increases on Kc up to 30 months after planting. Comparing the values of Kc available in the literature to the ones obtained in this work, the present approach provided consistent results, with the advantage of allowing the simulation of other planting density conditions within the limit of 4,000 plants.ha-1 evaluated.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica L., Evapotranspiração, Área foliar, Densidade de plantas, Plantas daninhas
Citação
VILLA NOVA, N. A. et al. Estimativa do coeficiente de cultura do cafeeiro em função de variáveis climatológicas e fitotécnicas. Bragantia, Campinas, v. 61, n. 1, p. 81-88, Jan./Abr. 2002.