Estaquia direta em sacola para propagação de híbridos F1 de Coffea arabica L.
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Data
2001
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Resumo
A propagação de cafeeiros através de estaquia vem sendo recomendada há vários anos para Coffea canephora, devido às vantagens proporcionadas por esta técnica em relação à propagação por semente. Recentemente, com a descoberta de heterose em cafeeiros arábicos, está sendo dada maior importância para às técnicas de clonagem convencionais e biotecnológicas também para Coffea arabica. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar diferentes processos de produção de mudas por estaquia, visando reduzir o custo e viabilizar sua utilização em escala comercial para pequenos cafeicultores. Foram propagados dois híbridos F 1 de Coffea arabica que apresentam heterose - "(Icatu ´ Catuaí)" ‘Iapar 59’ e ‘Mundo Novo’ ´ ‘Iapar 59’) - através de estacas, por quatro processos de formação de mudas: plantio da estaca diretamente no substrato definitivo, no viveiro; estaca com calo plantada no substrato definitivo, no viveiro; estaca com várias raízes menores que 2 cm
plantadas no substrato , em viveiro; e estaca com uma raiz com 5-7 cm de comprimento, plantada em sacola, no viveiro. A utilização da mão-de-obra familiar e de recursos existentes na propriedade torna a prática de estaquia de cafeeiros arábicos viável em pequenas propriedades para o plantio de cultivares do tipo híbrido F 1 , uma vez que seu custo (R$53,00/milheiro para estaquia com calo e R$34,00/milheiro para estaquia direto em sacola no viveiro) mostrou-se acessível a esses produtores. Esses menores custos, aliados à alta eficiência técnica, tornam a produção de mudas por estacas economicamente viável, podendo ser utilizada em larga escala para multiplicação de cultivares do tipo clone de híbridos F1 .
Coffee propagation through cutting has been recommended for several years for Coffea canephora, because it proportionates advantages compared to propagation by seeds. Recently, with the heterosis discovery in Coffea arabica, larger importance has been given for the techniques based on conventional cloning and biotechnology for Coffea arabica. This work had as objective to evaluate different processes of production of seedlings from cutting, seeking to reduce the cost and to make possible their use in commercial scale for small coffee growers. Two hybrid F1 of Coffea arabica that present heterosis "(Icatu ´ Catuaí)" ´ ‘Iapar 59’ and 'Mundo Novo' ´ 'Iapar 59') were propagated through stakes using four processes of seedlings production: planting of the stake directly in the definitive substratum in the nursery; stakes with callus planted in the definitive substratum in the nursery; stakes with several roots smaller than 2 cm planted in the substratum in nursery and stakes with roots with 5-7cm of length planted in plastic bags in the nursery. The use of family work and existent resources in the property make the practices of cutting of arabic coffee viable in small properties for the planting of cultivars from the type hybrid F1, once its cost (R$53,00/thousand for cutting with callus and R$34,00/thousand for direct cutting in plastic bags in the nursery) is accessible to these producers. These smaller costs and high technical efficiency makes the production of seedlings cutting economically feasible. Therefore, this technique could be used in wide scale for multiplication of cultivars of clone hybrid F 1 .
Coffee propagation through cutting has been recommended for several years for Coffea canephora, because it proportionates advantages compared to propagation by seeds. Recently, with the heterosis discovery in Coffea arabica, larger importance has been given for the techniques based on conventional cloning and biotechnology for Coffea arabica. This work had as objective to evaluate different processes of production of seedlings from cutting, seeking to reduce the cost and to make possible their use in commercial scale for small coffee growers. Two hybrid F1 of Coffea arabica that present heterosis "(Icatu ´ Catuaí)" ´ ‘Iapar 59’ and 'Mundo Novo' ´ 'Iapar 59') were propagated through stakes using four processes of seedlings production: planting of the stake directly in the definitive substratum in the nursery; stakes with callus planted in the definitive substratum in the nursery; stakes with several roots smaller than 2 cm planted in the substratum in nursery and stakes with roots with 5-7cm of length planted in plastic bags in the nursery. The use of family work and existent resources in the property make the practices of cutting of arabic coffee viable in small properties for the planting of cultivars from the type hybrid F1, once its cost (R$53,00/thousand for cutting with callus and R$34,00/thousand for direct cutting in plastic bags in the nursery) is accessible to these producers. These smaller costs and high technical efficiency makes the production of seedlings cutting economically feasible. Therefore, this technique could be used in wide scale for multiplication of cultivars of clone hybrid F 1 .
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (2. : 2001 : Vitória, ES). Resumos. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa Café, 2001. 181p. : il.
Palavras-chave
Café Estaquia direta Propagação de híbridos Coffea arabica, Coffea arabica Coffee cutting Coffee improvement Clone of coffee Hybrid of coffee.
Citação
Fadelli, Sérgio; Sera, Tumoru. Estaquia direta em sacola para propagação de híbridos F1 de Coffea arabica L. In: Simpósio Brasileiro de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (2. : 2001 : Vitória, ES). Anais. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa Café, 2001. (CD-ROM), p. 1788-1794