Constatação de Xylella fastidiosa em pecíolos e hipocotilos de cafeeiro com sintomas de mancha manteigosa
Data
2008-01
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Editora UFLA
Resumo
A mancha manteigosa tem afetado um grande número de plantas de cafeeiro em condições de campo. Sua causa tem sido atribuída a Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, entretanto a sintomatologia da doença na folha não tem sido reproduzida. Neste estudo, relata-se pela primeira vez a associação de Xylella fastidiosa, agente da atrofia dos ramos de cafeeiro, com pecíolo de folhas e hipocótilos obtidos a partir de sementes de plantas com sintomas da mancha manteigosa, através de estudos ultra-estruturais em Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura (MEV), bem como por PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). Para o estudo foram realizados três ensaios. No primeiro, coletaram-se folhas com sintomas de mancha manteigosa e assintomáticas em duas localidades as quais foram preparadas para MEV. No segundo, pecíolos de 40 plantas sintomáticas e 40 assintomáticas foram coletados no campo experimental de café da UFLA. Os Pecíolos das folhas foram cortados e macerados para extração do DNA e analisados por PCR. Quatro pecíolos de cada uma destas amostras (plantas com e sem sintomas) também foram preparados para MEV. Em um terceiro ensaio, sementes obtidas de plantas com sintomas de mancha manteigosa, foram semeadas em bandejas de isopor contendo substrato Plantmax®. As bandejas permaneceram em câmara de crescimento e aos 30, 60 e 90 dias, após a semeadura, foram coletados hipocótilos para preparação e observação em MEV. Inicialmente uma bactéria semelhante à Xylella foi encontrada nos vasos do xilema de plantas sintomáticas das duas localidades estudadas. Pela análise por PCR constatou-se X. fastidiosa em 34% das plantas com sintoma da doença e 9,3% nas sem o sintoma da mancha manteigosa. Pecíolos de plantas Xylella positivas por PCR apresentaram obstrução dos vasos do xilema pelas bactérias. Das quatro plantas negativas por PCR, apenas uma teve o pecíolo com vasos obstruídos pela bactéria quando analisados em MEV. Em hipocótilos analisados em MEV verificaram-se células bacterianas semelhantes à X. fastidiosa nos vasos do xilema aos 60 e 90 dias após semeadura. Esse é o primeiro relato da associação de X. fastidiosa a pecíolos e hipocótilos de cafeeiros expressando sintomas de mancha manteigosa.
Buttery spot has greatly affected coffee plants in field conditions. Its cause has been attributed to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. However, its symptoms in leaves have not been reproduced. In this study we reported for the first time the presence of X. fastidiosa, causal agent of the coffee atrophy in petiole and hypocotyls from coffee plants with buttery spot through PCR and ultrastructural studies by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this study three trials were developed. In the first we collected leaves from plant with and without buttery spot symptoms in two places which were prepared for SEM. In the second petioles of 40 symptomatic and 40 asymptomatic leaves were collected in a coffee experimental field of Federal University of Lavras. Petiole from these leaves were cut and macerated for DNA extraction and analyzed by PCR. Four petioles of each sample (plants with and without symptoms) were prepared for SEM. In a third trial, seeds from plants with battery spot were sowed in foam trays with Plantimax® substrate. The trays stayed in a growth chamber and after 30, 60 and 90 days of the germination hypocotyls were collected for preparation and observation in SEM. Initially a bacterium similar to X. fastidiosa was found in vessels of symptomatic plants studied. Through the analysis by PCR we verified X. fastidiosa in 34% of plants with the disease symptoms and 9,3% in those without symptom of buttery spot. Petioles of positives Xylella plants by PCR presented obstruction of vessels of xylem by bacteria. Out of four PCR-negatives plants, one had petioles with vessels clogged by bacteria when analyzed by SEM. In analyzed hypocotyls with SEM were observed bacterial cells like X. fastidiosa in xylem vessels at 60 and 90 days. This is the first report of the colonization of X. fastidiosa in coffee plant petiole and hypocotyls of seeds of plants expressed buttery spot symptoms.
Buttery spot has greatly affected coffee plants in field conditions. Its cause has been attributed to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. However, its symptoms in leaves have not been reproduced. In this study we reported for the first time the presence of X. fastidiosa, causal agent of the coffee atrophy in petiole and hypocotyls from coffee plants with buttery spot through PCR and ultrastructural studies by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this study three trials were developed. In the first we collected leaves from plant with and without buttery spot symptoms in two places which were prepared for SEM. In the second petioles of 40 symptomatic and 40 asymptomatic leaves were collected in a coffee experimental field of Federal University of Lavras. Petiole from these leaves were cut and macerated for DNA extraction and analyzed by PCR. Four petioles of each sample (plants with and without symptoms) were prepared for SEM. In a third trial, seeds from plants with battery spot were sowed in foam trays with Plantimax® substrate. The trays stayed in a growth chamber and after 30, 60 and 90 days of the germination hypocotyls were collected for preparation and observation in SEM. Initially a bacterium similar to X. fastidiosa was found in vessels of symptomatic plants studied. Through the analysis by PCR we verified X. fastidiosa in 34% of plants with the disease symptoms and 9,3% in those without symptom of buttery spot. Petioles of positives Xylella plants by PCR presented obstruction of vessels of xylem by bacteria. Out of four PCR-negatives plants, one had petioles with vessels clogged by bacteria when analyzed by SEM. In analyzed hypocotyls with SEM were observed bacterial cells like X. fastidiosa in xylem vessels at 60 and 90 days. This is the first report of the colonization of X. fastidiosa in coffee plant petiole and hypocotyls of seeds of plants expressed buttery spot symptoms.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Mancha manteigosa, Xylella fastidiosa, Microscopia eletrônica de varredura, PCR
Citação
LINS, S. R. O. et al. Constatação de Xylella fastidiosa em pecíolos e hipocotilos de cafeeiro com sintomas de mancha manteigosa. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, Lavras,v. 32, n. 1, p. 42-47, jan./fev., 2008.