Influência do uso do inibidor da biossíntese de etileno sobre a eficiência de colheita mecanizada do café
Data
2013-10-03
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
A colheita mecanizada do café vem se desenvolvendo diariamente e tornou-se um processo crescente e irreversível. Porém, uma das limitações da colheita, seja mecanizada ou manual, é a desuniformidade de maturação que prejudica o desempenho operacional e a qualidade do produto, gerando perdas econômicas aos produtores. Estudos avaliando a aplicação de inibidor da biossíntese de etileno demonstram uniformização da maturação dos frutos. Desta forma, o presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a operação de colheita mecanizada do café com o uso do inibidor da biossíntese de etileno, buscando compreender sua influência no volume de frutos cerejas em colheita mecanizada com uma passada da colhedora. O trabalho foi realizado na fazenda Ouro Verde, localizada no município de Lavras, MG. Os ensaios foram realizados em área experimental de 1,0 ha para as cultivares Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15 nos anos de 2012 e 2013 e Acaiá Cerrado MG 1474 apenas no ano de 2013, foram coletados dados de colheita, maturação, renda (litros de frutos colhidos para fazer uma saca de café beneficiado), rendimento (peso do café em coco para peso do café beneficiado), queda natural dos frutos, força de desprendimento e eficiência de colheita mecânica, bem como análise sensorial. A aplicação do inibidor da biossíntese de etileno na dose de 5 litros por hectare demonstrou maior eficiência de colheita, com menores perdas pela colhedora. Para a dose de (5+5) litros por hectare, observou-se menor queda natural. Não sendo encontrada nenhuma interferência negativa do inibidor da biossíntese de etileno na análise sensorial.
The mechanized coffee harvesting has evolves daily and has become an increasing and irreversible process. However, one of the limitations of either manual or mechanized harvest is the lack of ripeness uniformity which affects the operating performance and the quality of the product, generating economic losses to the producers. Studies evaluating the application of ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor show the standardization of fruit maturation. Thus, this study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the operation of the mechanized coffee harvesting using the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, seeking to understand its influence in the volume of cherry fruits by mechanized harvesting, with one pass of the harvester. The study was conducted in the Ouro Verde farm, located in the municipality of Lavras, MG, Brazil. The trials were performed in a 1.0 ha experimental area using cultivars Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15, in the years of 2012 and 2013, and Acaiá Cerrado MG 1474, in the year of 2013. The harvest, maturation, revenue (liters of harvested fruits to produce a bag of processed coffee), yield (weight of natural coffee to weight of processed coffee), natural drop of the fruits, strength of the detachment and efficiency of the mechanical harvesting were collected, as well as performing sensory analysis. The application of 5 liters of ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor per hectare demonstrated larger harvest efficiency with smaller loss by the harvester. For the dosage of (5+5) liters per hectare we observed lower natural drop. We did not find any negative interference from the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor in the sensorial analysis.
The mechanized coffee harvesting has evolves daily and has become an increasing and irreversible process. However, one of the limitations of either manual or mechanized harvest is the lack of ripeness uniformity which affects the operating performance and the quality of the product, generating economic losses to the producers. Studies evaluating the application of ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor show the standardization of fruit maturation. Thus, this study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the operation of the mechanized coffee harvesting using the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, seeking to understand its influence in the volume of cherry fruits by mechanized harvesting, with one pass of the harvester. The study was conducted in the Ouro Verde farm, located in the municipality of Lavras, MG, Brazil. The trials were performed in a 1.0 ha experimental area using cultivars Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15, in the years of 2012 and 2013, and Acaiá Cerrado MG 1474, in the year of 2013. The harvest, maturation, revenue (liters of harvested fruits to produce a bag of processed coffee), yield (weight of natural coffee to weight of processed coffee), natural drop of the fruits, strength of the detachment and efficiency of the mechanical harvesting were collected, as well as performing sensory analysis. The application of 5 liters of ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor per hectare demonstrated larger harvest efficiency with smaller loss by the harvester. For the dosage of (5+5) liters per hectare we observed lower natural drop. We did not find any negative interference from the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor in the sensorial analysis.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Maturação, Mecanização, Colhedora, Colheita mecanizada
Citação
DIAS, R. E. B. A. Influência do uso do inibidor da biossíntese de etileno sobre a eficiência de colheita mecanizada do café. 2013. 61 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2013.