Potencial biocida de Jatropha curcas L.
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Data
2019-02-12
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Jatropha curcas L. é uma oleaginosa de múltiplos propósitos, por apresentar, além da importância do seu óleo para produção de biodiesel, uma grande diversidade de compostos bioativos com atributos medicinais e ação biocida no controle de pragas e doenças de diversos cultivos. Esta revisão aborda o estado da arte da ação biocida dos metabólitos secundários dessa espécie. Dentre esses compostos, os ésteres diterpênicos derivados do forbol são as moléculas mais estudadas, devido a toxicidade aos seres humanos e animais, e pela alta atividade fungicida e inseticida. Tais metabólitos, possivelmente, atuam na destruição do retículo endoplasmático e da parede celular das hifas. Nos insetos-praga, estes compostos, provavelmente, atuam sobre o metabolismo, ocasionando inibição alimentar, repelência, inibição do ato do acasalamento, ação inibitória ou supressora da oviposição e/ou indução da produção de ovos inférteis, além da inibição do desenvolvimento de larvas, ninfas e pupas. Vários estudos demonstram que embora todas as partes da planta sejam tóxicas, o grau de toxicidade pode variar de acordo com a forma de obtenção do extrato, dose e modo de administração, e sensibilidade do indivíduo. Sendo assim, J. curcas é destaque como espécie promissora por atender tanto o aspecto agroenergético, quanto o fitossanitário no controle de pragas e doenças que afetam a agricultura. Dessa forma, o presente estudo avaliou, no capítulo 2, a atividade fungicida e bactericida de extratos foliares e caulinares de 12 acessos, pré- selecionados em teste de progênies, sobre os fungos Hemileia vastatrix e Cercospora coffeicola, causadores de duas das mais importantes doenças do cafeeiro: ferrugem e cercosporiose, respectivamente, e sobre a bactéria Pseudomonas syringaepv. garcae, causadora da mancha aureolada. Amostras de folhas e caules de J. curcas foram submetidas a secagem e moagem e seus extratos clorofórmicos e etanólicos preparados com auxílio do aparato Soxhlet. As atividades fungicidas e bactericidas foram avaliadas, in vitro, a partir da inibição da germinação de esporos de H. vastatrix, da redução percentual do crescimento micelial de C. coffeicola e da diminuição da zona de crescimento de P. syringae pv. garcae. Todos os extratos foram capazes de inibir, em 100%, a germinação dos esporos de H. vastatrix. Todos os extratos reduziram significativamente o crescimento micelial de C. coffeicola, sendo as reduções mais expressivas de 16, 17, 12 e 20%, dos extratos EC04, EF04-clorofórmico e os EC08, EF08-etanólico, respectivamente. Alterações morfológicas também foram observadas nos micélios, indicando a possível variação na produção de melanina, metabólito secundário de importância no desenvolvimento fúngico. Os extratos não agiram sobre P. syringae pv. garcae. Esses resultados demonstram a importância dos estudos sobre as propriedades fungicidas dos extratos de J. curcas, bem como, na caracterização e identificação de seus componentes bioativos.
Jatropha curcas L., a multipurpose oilseed plant, is very important for biodiesel production, also for a wide range of bioactive compounds with medicinal activity and biocidal action for control of pests and diseases in crops. This review presents the state- of-the-art of biocidal action of the secondary metabolites of this species. Among these compounds, phorbol esters diterpenes are the most studied molecules due to the toxicity to humans and animals, and to high fungicidal and insecticidal activity. Such metabolites activity possibly is on destruction of endoplasmatic reticulum and on hyphae cell wall. It’s well known the activity of, these compounds of insect pests on metabolism, leading to antifeedant effect; repellency; mating inhibition inhibitory action or oviposition suppression and/or induction mating; infertile eggs production; and inhibition of larvae development , nymphs, and pupae. Several studies have shown that although all plant parts are toxic, the degree of toxicity varies in accordance with extract formulation, with nature of the active substance, the rate and administration procedure, and the individual sensitivity. Thus, J. curcas stands out as a promising species for to agroenergetic purposes as well as for control of pests and diseases that affect agriculture. Thus, the present study evaluated, in the second chapter, the fungicidal and bactericidal activity of foliar and stem extracts of 12 accessions, pre- selected in a progeny test, on the fungi Hemileia vastatrix and Cercospora coffeicola, causing two of the most important diseases of coffee: rust and cercosporiosis, respectively, and on the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae. Leaf and stems samples of J. curcas were submitted to drying and milling and their chloroform and ethanolic extracts prepared with the aid of the Soxhlet apparatus. The fungicidal and bactericidal activities were evaluated, in vitro, from the inhibition of spore germination of H. vastatrix, the percentage reduction of the mycelial growth of C. coffeicola and the decrease of the growth zone of P. syringae pv. garcae. All extracts were able to inhibit the germination of H. vastatrix spores in 100%. In agreement, all the extracts significantly reduced the mycelial growth of C. coffeicola, being the most expressive reductions of 16%, 17%, 12%, and 20%, for extracts EC04, EF04-chloroform, and EC08, EF08-ethanolic, respectively. Morphological changes were also observed in the mycelia, indicating a possible variation in the production of melanin, a secondary metabolite of importance for the fungal development. The extracts were not able to act on the growth zone of P. aeruginosa pv. garcae These results demonstrate the importance of advancing the studies on the fungicidal properties of extracts of J. curcas, as well as the characterization and identification of their bioactive components.
Jatropha curcas L., a multipurpose oilseed plant, is very important for biodiesel production, also for a wide range of bioactive compounds with medicinal activity and biocidal action for control of pests and diseases in crops. This review presents the state- of-the-art of biocidal action of the secondary metabolites of this species. Among these compounds, phorbol esters diterpenes are the most studied molecules due to the toxicity to humans and animals, and to high fungicidal and insecticidal activity. Such metabolites activity possibly is on destruction of endoplasmatic reticulum and on hyphae cell wall. It’s well known the activity of, these compounds of insect pests on metabolism, leading to antifeedant effect; repellency; mating inhibition inhibitory action or oviposition suppression and/or induction mating; infertile eggs production; and inhibition of larvae development , nymphs, and pupae. Several studies have shown that although all plant parts are toxic, the degree of toxicity varies in accordance with extract formulation, with nature of the active substance, the rate and administration procedure, and the individual sensitivity. Thus, J. curcas stands out as a promising species for to agroenergetic purposes as well as for control of pests and diseases that affect agriculture. Thus, the present study evaluated, in the second chapter, the fungicidal and bactericidal activity of foliar and stem extracts of 12 accessions, pre- selected in a progeny test, on the fungi Hemileia vastatrix and Cercospora coffeicola, causing two of the most important diseases of coffee: rust and cercosporiosis, respectively, and on the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae. Leaf and stems samples of J. curcas were submitted to drying and milling and their chloroform and ethanolic extracts prepared with the aid of the Soxhlet apparatus. The fungicidal and bactericidal activities were evaluated, in vitro, from the inhibition of spore germination of H. vastatrix, the percentage reduction of the mycelial growth of C. coffeicola and the decrease of the growth zone of P. syringae pv. garcae. All extracts were able to inhibit the germination of H. vastatrix spores in 100%. In agreement, all the extracts significantly reduced the mycelial growth of C. coffeicola, being the most expressive reductions of 16%, 17%, 12%, and 20%, for extracts EC04, EF04-chloroform, and EC08, EF08-ethanolic, respectively. Morphological changes were also observed in the mycelia, indicating a possible variation in the production of melanin, a secondary metabolite of importance for the fungal development. The extracts were not able to act on the growth zone of P. aeruginosa pv. garcae These results demonstrate the importance of advancing the studies on the fungicidal properties of extracts of J. curcas, as well as the characterization and identification of their bioactive components.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Palavras-chave
Jatropha curcas L, Biocidas, Café Doenças e pragas, Ferrugem do cafeeiro, Cercosporiose
Citação
MUNIZ, Dandara Rêgo. Potencial biocida de Jatropha curcas L. 2019. 63 f. Tese (Doutorado em Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG. 2019.