Efluxo de CO2 do solo no inverno em cafezais cultivados nos sistemas agroflorestais e a pleno sol
Data
2015-02-24
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Modelos de mudanças climáticas preveem que a temperatura média global do ar aumentará de 2 °C a 5 °C no final do século XXI. Uma maneira de mitigar a mudança climática global é proteger e aumentar os estoques de carbono da biosfera. Práticas agrícolas denominadas sistemas agroflorestais, que incluem o consórcio com árvores, permitem maior sequestro de C do que os sistemas em monocultivos. Vários fatores bióticos e abióticos têm sido identificados como controladores na dinâmica e no armazenamento de carbono do solo. A contribuição destes fatores precisa ser entendida para avaliar as implicações das mudanças ambientais sobre o ciclo do carbono. No entanto no ciclo do carbono não apenas o sequestro do carbono do solo, mas também o efluxo de CO 2 , ainda pouco estudado em sistemas agrícolas, precisam ser quantificados. Este trabalho objetivou quantificar emissões efluxo de CO 2 do solo sob cafezais, na Zona da Mata Mineira, em sistemas agroflorestais e a pleno sol e identificar as variáveis: níveis de sombreamento, características físicas, químicas, biológica e os fatores ambientais que influenciam o efluxo de CO 2, no inverno (estação também seca na região). Os resultados mostraram que nesta estação os valores de efluxos de CO 2 do solo para a atmosfera são pequenos e não houve diferença entre os efluxos nos sistemas avaliados. As sombras das árvores não influenciaram o efluxo no período avaliado. As variáveis químicas (estoque de carbono, estoque de nitrogênio e carbono lábil), físicas (macroporosidade e porosidade total) juntamente com a umidade do solo controlaram a dinâmica da respiração do solo no inverno. A biomassa microbiana não contribuiu para a respiração do solo no inverno. No entanto, estudos de longo prazo e submetidos à frequência de variabilidade climática inter-anual são necessários para conclusões mais definitivas. Além disso, sugere-se avaliar a contribuição das raízes e da qualidade da matéria orgânica do solo no efluxo de CO 2 do solo para a atmosfera.
Climate change models predict that the average global temperature of air will increase from 2° C to 5° C by the end of the 21st century. A way to mitigate global climate change is to protect and increase the carbon stocks of the biosphere. Agricultural practices, such as agroforestry coffee systems, that include consortium with trees, allow for greater C sequestration than monocultures. Various biotic and abiotic factors have been identified as drivers in the dynamics and soil carbon storage. The contribution of these factors need to be understood in order to assess the implications of environmental change on the carbon cycle. However, in the carbon cycle not only carbon sequestration in soil but also the efflux of CO 2 need to be quantified. This experiment aimed to quantify CO 2 efflux from soil under coffee plantations, in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in agroforestry systems and full sun, and identify the variables: levels of shading, physical, chemical, biological and environmental factors that influence the CO 2 efflux, in winter. Results showed that, in the winter (dry season, in the region), the efflux of CO 2 from the soil to the atmosphere was small and there was no difference between the evaluated systems. The shadows of the trees had not influence on the evaluated period. Chemical (stock of carbon, nitrogen and carbon labile stock), physical (macroporosity and total porosity), and soil moisture variables control the dynamics of soil respiration in the winter; more so than the temperature of the soil. The microbial biomass did not contributed to the soil respiration, in the winter. However long-term studies, that extend over years and are subjected to the frequency of inter-annual climate variability, are needed to have definitive conclusions. In addition, it is suggested to to evaluate the contributions of the roots and of the quality of soil organic in the CO 2 efflux from the soil to the atmosphere.
Climate change models predict that the average global temperature of air will increase from 2° C to 5° C by the end of the 21st century. A way to mitigate global climate change is to protect and increase the carbon stocks of the biosphere. Agricultural practices, such as agroforestry coffee systems, that include consortium with trees, allow for greater C sequestration than monocultures. Various biotic and abiotic factors have been identified as drivers in the dynamics and soil carbon storage. The contribution of these factors need to be understood in order to assess the implications of environmental change on the carbon cycle. However, in the carbon cycle not only carbon sequestration in soil but also the efflux of CO 2 need to be quantified. This experiment aimed to quantify CO 2 efflux from soil under coffee plantations, in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in agroforestry systems and full sun, and identify the variables: levels of shading, physical, chemical, biological and environmental factors that influence the CO 2 efflux, in winter. Results showed that, in the winter (dry season, in the region), the efflux of CO 2 from the soil to the atmosphere was small and there was no difference between the evaluated systems. The shadows of the trees had not influence on the evaluated period. Chemical (stock of carbon, nitrogen and carbon labile stock), physical (macroporosity and total porosity), and soil moisture variables control the dynamics of soil respiration in the winter; more so than the temperature of the soil. The microbial biomass did not contributed to the soil respiration, in the winter. However long-term studies, that extend over years and are subjected to the frequency of inter-annual climate variability, are needed to have definitive conclusions. In addition, it is suggested to to evaluate the contributions of the roots and of the quality of soil organic in the CO 2 efflux from the soil to the atmosphere.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Palavras-chave
Plantas e solo, Solos - Teor de carbono, Agrossivilcultura, Aquecimento global, Agricultura familiar
Citação
LOPES, C. S. Efluxo de CO2 do solo no inverno em cafezais cultivados nos sistemas agroflorestais e a pleno sol. 2015. 48 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG. 2015.