Mapeamento de áreas cafeeiras (Coffea arabica L.) da Zona da Mata mineira usando sensoriamento remoto
Data
2010-05
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Editora UFLA
Resumo
Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, estabelecer uma metodologia para o mapeamento de áreas cafeeiras da Zona da Mata mineira por meio do sensoriamento remoto, usando imagens de satélite e fotografias aéreas digitais não convencionais. Uma área piloto representativa da cafeicultura da região foi selecionada. O levantamento aerofotogramétrico não convencional da área de estudo, em escala 1:10000, foi realizado e uma imagem orbital ETM+Landsat7 foi adquirida. Essa imagem foi registrada e transformada para dados de reflectância de superfície. Limites das classes de uso da terra foram interpretados sobre o mosaico digital e sobrepostos à imagem, possibilitando a amostragem de cada cultura para fins estatísticos e verificação do comportamento espectral da vegetação. A análise estatística comprovou que as bandas 3, 4, 5 e 7 foram as mais representativas para a discriminação das coberturas vegetais. Apesar de a análise estatística ter indicado diferença significativa entre as bandas para os diferentes tipos de uso, as classificações não permitiram boa discriminação dos alvos devido ao efeito do sombreamento, ao relevo muito montanhoso da região e à similaridade espectral das coberturas, principalmente entre as classes de uso café e mata. A exatidão de mapeamento entre a imagem classificada e a fotointerpretação foi considerada de regular a fraca, sendo os melhores resultados obtidos por combinação de bandas. O uso de imagens orbitais ETM/Landsat7 para mapeamento das áreas cafeeiras na Zona da Mata indicou limitações, apesar dos poucos tipos de classe de uso. Tal fato resultou do sombreamento das imagens, em função da topografia acidentada, e da fragmentação da maioria das lavouras de café em talhões de pequena extensão.
The aim of this work was to map coffee lands in the Zona da Mata region, in Minas Gerais state, using non-conventional aerial photographs and satellite images. A pilot area, representative of the regional coffee lands, was chosen. A non-conventional aerophotogrammetric survey of the study area was carried out (scale 1:10000) and an ETM + Landsat7 satellite image was acquired. This image was registered and transformed into surface reflectance data. Photointerpretation of the limits of land use classes was done over a digital mosaic. These limits were overlaid onto the image, providing reflectance sampling of each land use type for statistical analysis and assessment of the vegetation’s spectral response. Statistical analysis showed that bands 3, 4, 5 and 7 were the most representative in the discrimination of vegetation canopies. Although statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the bands for the different land use/land cover types, the classifications did not provide good target discrimination due to shading, to the region’s very steep landscape and to the spectral signature similarity between coffee and forest. The mapping accuracy between the classified image and photointerpretation was considered regular to weak and the best results were obtained through a combination of bands. The use of ETM/Landsat7 images to map coffee lands presented limitations, despite the few types of land use. This is due to the shading of the images, owing to the steep topography, and to the fragmentation of most of the coffee lands into small fields.
The aim of this work was to map coffee lands in the Zona da Mata region, in Minas Gerais state, using non-conventional aerial photographs and satellite images. A pilot area, representative of the regional coffee lands, was chosen. A non-conventional aerophotogrammetric survey of the study area was carried out (scale 1:10000) and an ETM + Landsat7 satellite image was acquired. This image was registered and transformed into surface reflectance data. Photointerpretation of the limits of land use classes was done over a digital mosaic. These limits were overlaid onto the image, providing reflectance sampling of each land use type for statistical analysis and assessment of the vegetation’s spectral response. Statistical analysis showed that bands 3, 4, 5 and 7 were the most representative in the discrimination of vegetation canopies. Although statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the bands for the different land use/land cover types, the classifications did not provide good target discrimination due to shading, to the region’s very steep landscape and to the spectral signature similarity between coffee and forest. The mapping accuracy between the classified image and photointerpretation was considered regular to weak and the best results were obtained through a combination of bands. The use of ETM/Landsat7 images to map coffee lands presented limitations, despite the few types of land use. This is due to the shading of the images, owing to the steep topography, and to the fragmentation of most of the coffee lands into small fields.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica, Geotecnologia, Imagem de satélite, Aerofotogrametria, Processamento digital de imagens
Citação
MACHADO, M. L. et. al. Mapeamento de áreas cafeeiras (Coffea arabica L.) da Zona da Mata mineira usando sensoriamento remoto. Coffee Science, Lavras, v. 5, n. 2, p. 113-122, maio/ago. 2010.