Manipulation of source-to-sink ratios in girdled coffee branches evidences lack of photosynthetic down-regulation : the interplay of photosynthesis with respiration and photorespiration pathways and amino acid metabolism
Data
2016-02-25
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
No presente trabalho, objetivou-se uma melhor compreensão de como a regulação da fotossíntese em café depende da atividade do dreno e do acúmulo de carboidratos nas folhas-fonte, e de como o cafeeiro ajustaria o seu desempenho fotossintético e o metabolismo primário em resposta a diferentes razões fonte:dreno. Para tanto, utilizou se de uma abordagem integrativa combinando-se avaliações de trocas gasosas, fluorescência da clorofila a, análises de carboidratos e principais metabólitos, atividades de uma gama de enzimas e expressão de alguns genes que codificam para enzimas chave do metabolismo de carbono, a fim de se ter uma visão holística do metabolismo foliar, em resposta à manipulação de longo prazo da razão fonte:dreno. Para tal, desenhou-se um experimento de campo utilizando-se ramos anelados de café, os quais foram posteriormente manipulados por desfolha e/ou desfrutificação controladas, de maneira a obterem-se três razões fonte:dreno drasticamente distintas. Observou-se que, sob razões fonte:dreno extremamente elevadas, a taxa fotossintética foi limitada principalmente por fatores difusionais (aparentemente sem relação com ácido abscísico em nível de folha inteira), sem sinais aparentes de retroinibição por acúmulo de produtos finais. Tal fato foi associado a uma notável capacidade de acumulação de amido em paralelo à manutenção de níveis baixos de açúcares solúveis. A fotoinibição crônica e ocorrência de danos fotoxidativos puderam ser evitados por meio de ajustes fotoquímicos, bem como na fotorrespiração e respiração, dentre outros processos. Não se observaram evidências consistentes de reprogramação metabólica, em nível de enzimas-chave do metabolismo do carbono. Ajustes metabólicos nas folhas-fonte foram mais evidentes em condições de alta demanda pelos drenos e foram centrados mais sobre o metabolismo do nitrogênio do que sobre o metabolismo de carbono. Em conclusão, os resultados oferecem avanços sobre a alta articulação entre o suprimento e demanda de fotoassimilados em cafeeiros, sem sinais evidentes de retroinibição da fotossíntese, mesmo em condições extremamente baixas de demanda de dreno.
We aimed to gain a better understanding on how the regulation of photosynthesis in coffee depends on sink activity or carbohydrate build-up in source leaves and how the coffee tree adjusts its photosynthetic performance and primary metabolism to varying source-to-sink ratios. For these purposes, we use integrative approaches combining gasexchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements, analyses of carbohydrates and major metabolites, activities of a range of enzymes and the expression of some genes encoding for key enzymes of the carbon metabolism to achieve a holistic view of the whole leaf metabolism in response to long-term source-to-sink manipulation. We designed a field experiment by girdling coffee branches that were further manipulated by controlled defoliation and/or defruiting so that three highly varying source-to-sink ratios were created. We found that under remarkably high source-to-sink ratios photosynthesis rates were chiefly limited by diffusive factors (that were apparently unrelated to whole-leaf abscisic acid) with no apparent signs of feedback downregulation. Lack of down-regulation was associated with an enormous capacity for starch accumulation coupled with maintenance of low levels of soluble sugars. Chronic Chronic photoinhibition and photodamage could be avoided through adjustments in leaf photochemistry, photorespiration and respiration amongst other processes. No major metabolic reprograming was found at the level of key enzymes associated with carbon metabolism. Metabolic adjustments in source leaves were more evident under high-sink demand conditions and centered more on nitrogen metabolism than on carbon metabolism. In conclusion, our results offer novel insights on the high coordination between the source supply and sink demand in coffee trees, with no evident signs of photosynthetic down-regulation even under dramatically low-sink conditions.
We aimed to gain a better understanding on how the regulation of photosynthesis in coffee depends on sink activity or carbohydrate build-up in source leaves and how the coffee tree adjusts its photosynthetic performance and primary metabolism to varying source-to-sink ratios. For these purposes, we use integrative approaches combining gasexchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements, analyses of carbohydrates and major metabolites, activities of a range of enzymes and the expression of some genes encoding for key enzymes of the carbon metabolism to achieve a holistic view of the whole leaf metabolism in response to long-term source-to-sink manipulation. We designed a field experiment by girdling coffee branches that were further manipulated by controlled defoliation and/or defruiting so that three highly varying source-to-sink ratios were created. We found that under remarkably high source-to-sink ratios photosynthesis rates were chiefly limited by diffusive factors (that were apparently unrelated to whole-leaf abscisic acid) with no apparent signs of feedback downregulation. Lack of down-regulation was associated with an enormous capacity for starch accumulation coupled with maintenance of low levels of soluble sugars. Chronic Chronic photoinhibition and photodamage could be avoided through adjustments in leaf photochemistry, photorespiration and respiration amongst other processes. No major metabolic reprograming was found at the level of key enzymes associated with carbon metabolism. Metabolic adjustments in source leaves were more evident under high-sink demand conditions and centered more on nitrogen metabolism than on carbon metabolism. In conclusion, our results offer novel insights on the high coordination between the source supply and sink demand in coffee trees, with no evident signs of photosynthetic down-regulation even under dramatically low-sink conditions.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Palavras-chave
Café, Análise foliar, Fotossíntese, Aminoácidos - metabolismo, Metabolismo primário
Citação
AVILA, R. T. Manipulation of source-to-sink ratios in girdled coffee branches evidences lack of photosynthetic down-regulation : the interplay of photosynthesis with respiration and photorespiration pathways and amino acid metabolism. 2016. 39 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fisiologia Vegetal) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG. 2016.