QUALIDADE FÍSICA DE GRÃOS DE GENÓTIPOS, CULTIVARES E HÍBRIDOS DE CAFEEIRO ARÁBICA EM SELEÇÃO NO INSTITUTO AGRONÔMICO
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Data
2011
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Resumo
Algumas características físicas dos grãos, notavelmente o tamanho e formato, são consideradas quesitos de grande importância para a qualidade do café. Ainda que não esteja bem esclarecido se o tamanho e formato do grão interferem na qualidade sensorial do café, são características físicas que contribuem para a determinação do preço do café no mercado, e por isso são largamente utilizadas como referência para o beneficiamento e classificação física do café. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o potencial qualitativo para tamanho e formato de grãos de diversos genótipos de Coffea arabica L. em seleção no programa de melhoramento genético do Instituto Agronômico (IAC), no estado de São Paulo. Foram avaliados 44 tratamentos, constituídos por cinco cultivares comerciais, quatro acessos etíopes do Banco de Germoplasma do IAC e 35 híbridos F1 e F2 obtidos por diferentes combinações de cruzamentos entre essas cultivares e acessos. Os lotes de grãos foram obtidos em experimentos conduzidos no Centro Experimental do IAC, em Campinas-SP, na safra 2009/2010. Os cafés foram processados por via semi-úmida (cereja descascado) e submetidos à secagem ao sol em terreiro suspenso até os grãos atingirem teor de água de 11% (bu). Os grãos foram classificados por tamanho em peneiras com perfurações circulares e oblongas, em delineamento estatístico de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Os resultados obtidos indicam que: a) existe diferenças para tamanho de grão entre os genótipos avaliados; b) os híbridos F1 possuem potencial superior ao dos parentais isolados e ao dos híbridos F2 para a produção de grãos graúdos; c) os acessos etíopes possuem menor capacidade de produção de grãos graúdos quando comparados às cultivares comerciais e híbridos F1; d) a cultivar Obatã IAC1669-20 apresentou o maior potencial para a produção de grãos graúdos, tanto de forma isolada como em diversas combinações para a constituição de híbridos F1; e) novas cultivares ou híbridos F1 poderão ser selecionados para aprimoramento da qualidade dos grãos.
The coffee beans size and physical characteristics are very important to coffee quality and coffee prices determination in the market. Although it isn’t explained if the coffee beans size affect the sensory quality, this physical characteristic is take account in the coffee processing and in the coffee price determination at market. The objective of this work was to evaluate the coffee beans size and shape of several arabica coffee varieties under selection at Agronomic Institute (IAC), in Sao Paulo state. It was analyzed 44 Coffea arabica genotypes, including five commercial varieties, four Ethiopian accesses, and 35 F1 or F2 hybrids selections from IAC breeding program. The lots of coffee beans were obtained in experiments carried out by IAC Experimental Station in Campinas, Sao Paulo Estate, in the 2009/2010 crop year. Ripe coffee fruits were prepared by the semi-washed processing and the parchment coffees were sun dried over screen table until the grains reached moisture content of 11% (wb). After hulling the coffee beans were classified by size and shape in several screens with circular perforations of 19, 18, 17, 16 and 15/64 inches and oblong perforations of 10, 11 and 12/64 x 3⁄4 inches, using a randomized completely blocks statistical design with three replications. The results showed that: a) There are differences for beans size among the evaluated genotypes; b) the F1 hybrids showed potential for large beans production higher than their parental genotypes and F2 hybrids; c) Ethiopian accesses showed lower potential for large beans production than commercial varieties and F1 hybrids; d) the Obata IAC1669-20 variety showed higher potential for large beans production, in isolated form or in different hybridization combinations; d) new varieties or F1 hybrids could be selected aiming to improve the coffee beans quality.
The coffee beans size and physical characteristics are very important to coffee quality and coffee prices determination in the market. Although it isn’t explained if the coffee beans size affect the sensory quality, this physical characteristic is take account in the coffee processing and in the coffee price determination at market. The objective of this work was to evaluate the coffee beans size and shape of several arabica coffee varieties under selection at Agronomic Institute (IAC), in Sao Paulo state. It was analyzed 44 Coffea arabica genotypes, including five commercial varieties, four Ethiopian accesses, and 35 F1 or F2 hybrids selections from IAC breeding program. The lots of coffee beans were obtained in experiments carried out by IAC Experimental Station in Campinas, Sao Paulo Estate, in the 2009/2010 crop year. Ripe coffee fruits were prepared by the semi-washed processing and the parchment coffees were sun dried over screen table until the grains reached moisture content of 11% (wb). After hulling the coffee beans were classified by size and shape in several screens with circular perforations of 19, 18, 17, 16 and 15/64 inches and oblong perforations of 10, 11 and 12/64 x 3⁄4 inches, using a randomized completely blocks statistical design with three replications. The results showed that: a) There are differences for beans size among the evaluated genotypes; b) the F1 hybrids showed potential for large beans production higher than their parental genotypes and F2 hybrids; c) Ethiopian accesses showed lower potential for large beans production than commercial varieties and F1 hybrids; d) the Obata IAC1669-20 variety showed higher potential for large beans production, in isolated form or in different hybridization combinations; d) new varieties or F1 hybrids could be selected aiming to improve the coffee beans quality.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (7. : 2011 : Araxá, MG). Anais Brasília, D.F: Embrapa - Café, 2011
Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica, melhoramento genético, híbridos F1 e F2, qualidade física, tamanho e formato do grão., Coffea arabica, coffee breeding, F1 and F2 hybrids, beans physical quality, beans size and shape
Citação
Giomo, Gerson Silva; Silvarolla, Maria Bernadete; Saath, Reni; Iobbi, Angélica de Castro. In: Simpósio de Pesquisa dos cafés do Brasil (7. : 2011 : Araxá, MG). Anais Brasília, D.F: Embrapa - Café, 2011 (1 CD-ROM), 5p.