Determinação da qualidade imediata e latente de café secado com baixas umidades relativas do ar
Data
2018-03-09
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar os efeitos imediatos e latentes na qualidade de frutos de café secados em baixa umidade relativa do ar, bem como avaliar a cinética de secagem dos frutos de café e determinar as isotermas de sorção. Para a condução do experimento, foram utilizados frutos de café (Coffea arabica L.). Os frutos colhidos foram separados em dois estádios de maturação, imaturo e maduro. Para o estádio maduro a amostra foi dividida em três partes: a primeira foi levada diretamente para os secadores, constituindo, assim, a porção de café “natural” (processamento via seca), a segunda foi descascada e a terceira beneficiada, secando apenas o grão. O café imaturo foi levado diretamente para os secadores. A secagem foi realizada em um secador de camada fixa (SCAL) com um sistema composto de condicionamento de ar acoplado, com fluxo de ar de 20 m³. min¹ .m-² , temperatura do ar de 40°C e umidades relativas de 10%; 17,5%; 25% e 32,5%. Depois da secagem a curva de secagem, as propriedades físicas e fisiológicas e higroscopicidade do café foram determinadas O café foi armazenado em embalagens permeáveis durante seis meses, foram realizadas análises de condutividade elétrica, lixiviação de potássio e cor a cada dois meses. O experimento foi montado num esquema fatorial 4x4x4 (4 umidades relativas do ar de secagem, 4 tipos de café [1–natural maduro, 2-natural verde, 3- descascado e 4- café beneficiado úmido] e 4 tempos de armazenamento), em DIC com 4 repetições. Para o ajuste dos modelos matemáticos, foram realizadas análises de regressão não linear pelo método Gauss-Newton, utilizando-se o software STATISTICA 7.0® (Statsoft, Tulsa, USA), para os demais resultados, foi utilizado o programa estatístico Sisvar 5.6, e nele, os resultados foram analisados por meio de análise de variância. Não houve danos imediatos na qualidade física e fisiológica dos cafés natural maduro, natural verde, descascado e beneficiado úmido. O dano latente foi percebido após 60 dias de armazenamento para os cafés natural maduro e descascado e, após 120 dias, para os cafés natural verde e beneficiado úmido. O modelo de Midilli foi o que melhor se ajustou para representar a cinética de secagem para o café natural verde, para todas as UR. Para o teor de água de equilíbrio, os melhores ajustes aos dados experimentais foram obtidos pelo modelo de Copace, para o café natural verde.
The objective of this work was to study the immediate and latent effects on the quality of dried coffee fruits in low relative humidity and to evaluate the drying kinetics and sorption isotherms of the coffee fruits. Coffee fruits (Coffea arabica L.) were harvested and separated into two stages of maturation: immature and mature. For the mature stage, the sample was divided into three parts: the first one was taken directly from the dryers, thus constituting the "natural" portion of coffee (dry processing), the second was peeled and the third benefited, drying only the grain. The immature coffee was taken from the dryers. Drying was performed in a fixed layer dryer (SCAL) with a composite air-conditioning coupled system, with airflow of 20 m³. min¹ .m-², air temperature of 40 °C and relative humidity of 10%; 17.5%; 25% and 32.5%. The drying curve, the physical and physiological properties and hygroscopicity of the coffee were determined. The samples were stored in permeable packs for six months, conducting analyzes of electrical conductivity, potassium leaching and color every two months. The experiment was set up in a 4x4x4 factorial scheme (4 relative humidity of drying air, 4 types of mature [1-natural, 2-natural green, 3-peeled and 4-wetted coffee] and 4 storage times) in DIC with 4 replicates. For the adjustment of the mathematical models, non-linear regression analyzes were performed by the Gauss-Newton method, using the software STATISTICA 7.0® (Statsoft, Tulsa, USA). For the other results the statistical program Sisvar 5.6 was used for the analysis of variance. There was no immediate damage in the physical and physiological quality of the natural mature, natural green, peeled and wetted coffee. The latent damage was perceived after 60 days of storage for the natural ripe and peeled coffees and after 120 days for the natural coffees green and benefited wet. The Midilli model was the one that had the best fit to represent the drying kinetics for the natural green coffee, for all UR. For the equilibrium water content, the best adjustments to the experimental data were obtained by the Copace model for the natural green coffee.
The objective of this work was to study the immediate and latent effects on the quality of dried coffee fruits in low relative humidity and to evaluate the drying kinetics and sorption isotherms of the coffee fruits. Coffee fruits (Coffea arabica L.) were harvested and separated into two stages of maturation: immature and mature. For the mature stage, the sample was divided into three parts: the first one was taken directly from the dryers, thus constituting the "natural" portion of coffee (dry processing), the second was peeled and the third benefited, drying only the grain. The immature coffee was taken from the dryers. Drying was performed in a fixed layer dryer (SCAL) with a composite air-conditioning coupled system, with airflow of 20 m³. min¹ .m-², air temperature of 40 °C and relative humidity of 10%; 17.5%; 25% and 32.5%. The drying curve, the physical and physiological properties and hygroscopicity of the coffee were determined. The samples were stored in permeable packs for six months, conducting analyzes of electrical conductivity, potassium leaching and color every two months. The experiment was set up in a 4x4x4 factorial scheme (4 relative humidity of drying air, 4 types of mature [1-natural, 2-natural green, 3-peeled and 4-wetted coffee] and 4 storage times) in DIC with 4 replicates. For the adjustment of the mathematical models, non-linear regression analyzes were performed by the Gauss-Newton method, using the software STATISTICA 7.0® (Statsoft, Tulsa, USA). For the other results the statistical program Sisvar 5.6 was used for the analysis of variance. There was no immediate damage in the physical and physiological quality of the natural mature, natural green, peeled and wetted coffee. The latent damage was perceived after 60 days of storage for the natural ripe and peeled coffees and after 120 days for the natural coffees green and benefited wet. The Midilli model was the one that had the best fit to represent the drying kinetics for the natural green coffee, for all UR. For the equilibrium water content, the best adjustments to the experimental data were obtained by the Copace model for the natural green coffee.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Café, Tecnologia pós-colheita, Armazenamento, Modelos matemáticos, Métodos de simulação, Coffea arabica L., Coffee, Postharvest technology, Storage, Mathematical models, Simulation methods
Citação
LEMOS, Isabella Avila. Determinação da qualidade imediata e latente de café secado com baixas umidades relativas do ar. 2018. 94 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola) – Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 2018.