Níveis populacionais de Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) e Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) e a ocorrência de seus parasitoides em sistemas de produção de café orgânico e convencional
Data
2011
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Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” - Universidade de São Paulo
Resumo
A produção de café é uma das atividades de maior tradição agrícola no território brasileiro. As principais pragas que ocorrem no cafeeiro são broca-do-café, Hypothenemus hampei e bicho-mineiro-do-cafeeiro, Leucoptera coffeella e os parasitoides possuem importante papel na regulação dessas pragas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar em sistemas de produção convencional e orgânico de café, os níveis populacionais de H. hampei e L. coffeella e a ocorrência de seus parasitoides. Os experimentos foram realizados em área de café orgânico e convencional no município de Dois Córregos/SP e as amostragens foram realizadas mensalmente de fevereiro de
2009 a junho de 2010. Foram amostradas folhas para os níveis de infestação e de predação de minas por vespas; foram coletadas folhas com minas intactas para a observação da emergência de parasitoides. Foram coletados mensalmente 2 L de frutos de café para a obtenção da infestação da broca; também, foi avaliada a ocorrência do fungo Beauveria bassiana e foram coletados mensalmente frutos de café brocados para a obtenção de parasitoides da broca. Os manejos orgânico e convencional não diferiram estatisticamente em relação às médias das porcentagens de infestação de L. coffeella. Houve diferença em relação às médias das porcentagens de predação das minas por vespas, sendo que no manejo convencional a média foi maior do que no manejo orgânico. Foram obtidos no total 708 himenópteros parasitoides e as espécies coletadas foram Proacrias coffeae, Cirrospilus neotropicus, Cirrospilus sp.1, Cirrospilus sp.2, Closterocerus coffeellae, Closterocerus flavicinctus, Closterocerus sp.1, Horismenus cupreus, Orgilus niger, Centistidea striata e Stiropius reticulatus. Não houve diferença na média da porcentagem de parasitismo entre os manejos, 18,5 % no manejo orgânico e 19,47% no manejo convencional. Em relação à broca-do-café, na
safra 2008/2009, as amostragens de frutos brocados foi diferente em função do manejo, porém na safra 2009/2010, as porcentagens de infestação não apresentaram diferença significativa entre as áreas. Na safra 2009/2010, a média de frutos brocados infectados pelo fungo B. bassiana foi de 3,5% e 2,1% do total de frutos nos manejos orgânico e convencional respectivamente. Foram obtidos 25 indivíduos do parasitoide Prorops nasuta na área de café orgânico na safra 2008/2009 e nenhum na área convencional.
Coffee production is one of the most Brazilian traditional activities. The main pests of coffee crops are the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei and the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella and the parasitoids play an important role in the control of these pests. This research deals with the comparison between production systems of conventional and organic coffee concerning the population levels of L. coffeella and H. hampei as well as the occurrence of their parasitoids. The experiments were set in areas of conventional and organic coffee and plant (leaf and berries) samples were monthly taken from February/2009 to June/2010, in Dois Córregos, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Coffee leaves were sampled for levels of infestation and mine predation by wasps, while leaves with undisturbed mines were samples to observe the emergence of parasitoids. Two liters of coffee berries were monthly collected to determine the infestation of the coffee berry borer. One also observed the occurrence of the fungus Beauveria bassiana bored coffee berries were monthly collected for obtaining the berry borer parasitoids. The values of the means of percentage of L. coffeella infestation did not statically differ between the organic and the conventional coffee management. The means of percentage of predation by wasps were higher in the conventional management than in the organic one. A total of 708 hymenopteran parasitoids were obtained. The species collected were as follows: Proacrias coffeae, Cirrospilus neotropicus, Cirrospilus sp.1, Cirrospilus sp.2, Closterocerus coffeellae, Closterocerus flavicinctus, Closterocerus sp.1, Horismenus cupreus, Orgilus niger, Centistidea striata and Stiropius reticulatus. The mean percentage of parasitism showed no difference between the organic management (18.5%) and the conventional one (19.47%). As to the coffee berry borer, in the 2008/2009 harvest, the sampling of bored berries was different according to the management. However, in the 2009/2010 harvest, the percentages of infestation did not present significant difference between the areas. At the 2009/2010 harvesting the mean of bored berries infected by the fungus Beauveria bassiana was 3,5% (organic area) and 2.1% (conventional area). A total of 25 specimens of the parasitoid Prorops nasuta were collected in the organic coffee area but none in the conventional coffee area.
Coffee production is one of the most Brazilian traditional activities. The main pests of coffee crops are the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei and the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella and the parasitoids play an important role in the control of these pests. This research deals with the comparison between production systems of conventional and organic coffee concerning the population levels of L. coffeella and H. hampei as well as the occurrence of their parasitoids. The experiments were set in areas of conventional and organic coffee and plant (leaf and berries) samples were monthly taken from February/2009 to June/2010, in Dois Córregos, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Coffee leaves were sampled for levels of infestation and mine predation by wasps, while leaves with undisturbed mines were samples to observe the emergence of parasitoids. Two liters of coffee berries were monthly collected to determine the infestation of the coffee berry borer. One also observed the occurrence of the fungus Beauveria bassiana bored coffee berries were monthly collected for obtaining the berry borer parasitoids. The values of the means of percentage of L. coffeella infestation did not statically differ between the organic and the conventional coffee management. The means of percentage of predation by wasps were higher in the conventional management than in the organic one. A total of 708 hymenopteran parasitoids were obtained. The species collected were as follows: Proacrias coffeae, Cirrospilus neotropicus, Cirrospilus sp.1, Cirrospilus sp.2, Closterocerus coffeellae, Closterocerus flavicinctus, Closterocerus sp.1, Horismenus cupreus, Orgilus niger, Centistidea striata and Stiropius reticulatus. The mean percentage of parasitism showed no difference between the organic management (18.5%) and the conventional one (19.47%). As to the coffee berry borer, in the 2008/2009 harvest, the sampling of bored berries was different according to the management. However, in the 2009/2010 harvest, the percentages of infestation did not present significant difference between the areas. At the 2009/2010 harvesting the mean of bored berries infected by the fungus Beauveria bassiana was 3,5% (organic area) and 2.1% (conventional area). A total of 25 specimens of the parasitoid Prorops nasuta were collected in the organic coffee area but none in the conventional coffee area.
Descrição
Tese de doutorado defendida na Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” - Universidade de São Paulo
Palavras-chave
Bicho-mineiro, Brocas, Insetos nocivos, Insetos parasitoides, Manejo integrado, Pragas de plantas
Citação
PIERRE, L. S. R. Níveis populacionais de Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) e Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) e a ocorrência de seus parasitoides em sistemas de produção de café orgânico e convencional. 2011. 96 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências) - Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba. 2011.