Aspectos sensoriais, fisiológicos e bioquímicos de grãos de café armazenados em ambiente refrigerado
Data
2015-02-25
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
O armazenamento dos grãos é uma das etapas no processo produtivo de café em que, pelo uso de métodos inadequados, pode propiciar a redução da qualidade. Diversas alterações físicas, fisiológicas e bioquímicas podem ocorrer nos grãos, influenciando negativamente na qualidade da bebida do café. Tradicionalmente, os grãos de café são beneficiados antes de serem armazenados em ambiente não controlado, sendo acondicionados em sacos de juta. Nestas condições, os grãos ficam expostos às oscilações das condições ambientais, podendo acelerar o processo deteriorativo. Assim, surge a necessidade de investigar alternativas para o armazenamento seguro de grãos de café. Tendo em vista que a refrigeração do ar propicia a redução da deterioração de grãos de diversas espécies, objetivou-se investigar os efeitos do beneficiamento e do armazenamento em ar refrigerado sobre a qualidade sensorial e sobre características físicas, químicas, fisiológicas e bioquímicas do café natural e despolpado. Para esses estudos, foram realizados experimentos em duas safras, em que os frutos de café foram colhidos no estádio de maturação cereja e foram secados até atingirem 11% de teor de água, após serem processados por via seca (café natural, em coco) e via úmida (em pergaminho, despolpado). Após secagem, parte dos cafés foi beneficiada e outra parte mantida sem beneficiamento durante o armazenamento em condições controladas de ar refrigerado (10 oC e 50% de umidade relativa) e em ambiente a 25 oC, sem controle da umidade relativa. Na primeira safra, foram avaliados os parâmetros de cor dos grãos de café armazenados por oito meses. Já na segunda safra, os cafés foram avaliados aos 0, 3, 6 e 12 meses de armazenamento, por meio da avaliação sensorial e dos testes de condutividade elétrica, lixiviação de potássio, acidez titulável total, açúcares totais, de germinação, tetrazólio, análise da cor e atividade de enzimas do processo antioxidativo. Para investigar os efeitos da refrigeração e do beneficiamento na conservação da qualidade dos grãos de café, foi aplicada a otimização de respostas simultâneas das variáveis sensoriais, fisiológicas e químicas dos cafés. De todos os experimentos e avaliações realizadas conclui-se que a redução da temperatura do ar e o armazenamento de grãos intactos, sem beneficiamento, contribuem para a manutenção da qualidade sensorial, química, física, fisiológica e bioquímica dos grãos de café, sendo uma alternativa tecnicamente viável para o armazenamento. Os efeitos benéficos desses fatores são evidenciados pela atividade de enzimas do processo antioxidativo e também são confirmados pelos estudos de otimização das variáveis respostas.
The grain storage is one of the steps in the coffee production process but the use of improper methods may provide a reduction in quality. Various physical, physiological and biochemical changes may occur in the grains, influencing negatively on the coffee beverage quality. Traditionally, the coffee grains are benefited before being stored in uncontrolled environment being packed in jute sacks. In these conditions, the grains are exposed to changes in environmental conditions can accelerate the deteriorating process. Thus, there is a need to investigate alternatives to the secure storage of coffee grains. Considering that the cooling air provides the grains’ deterioration reduction of several species, in this work aimed to investigate the effects of processing and storage in air cooled on the sensory quality and on physical, chemical, physiological and biochemical features of the depulped natural coffee. For these studies, experiments were conducted in two crops, where the coffee cherry fruits were harvested at maturity stage and were dried until they reach 11% water content after being processed by dry method (natural coffee, in coconut) and wet method (in parchment, depulped). After drying, part of the coffee were processed and other kept unprocessed during storage under controlled conditions of cooled air (10 °C and 50% relative humidity) and environment at 25 °C without relative humidity control. In the first harvest, color parameters of coffee grains stored for eight months were evaluated. In the second crop, the coffees were evaluated at 0, 3, 6 and 12 months of storage, through the sensory evaluation and electrical conductivity, potassium leaching, total acidity, total sugars, germination, tetrazolium, color analysis and enzyme activity of the antioxidant process. To investigate the effects of cooling and processing in the conservation of the quality coffee grains, it was applied to optimization of simultaneous responses of sensory variables, physiological and chemical. In all experiments and studies conducted it was concluded that reduction of the air temperature and the intact grain storage without processing, contribute to the maintenance of the sensory quality, chemical, physical, physiological and biochemical of the coffee grains, as an alternative technically feasible for storage. The beneficial effects of these factors are evidenced by the enzyme activity of the antioxidant process and are also confirmed by optimization studies of the response variables.
The grain storage is one of the steps in the coffee production process but the use of improper methods may provide a reduction in quality. Various physical, physiological and biochemical changes may occur in the grains, influencing negatively on the coffee beverage quality. Traditionally, the coffee grains are benefited before being stored in uncontrolled environment being packed in jute sacks. In these conditions, the grains are exposed to changes in environmental conditions can accelerate the deteriorating process. Thus, there is a need to investigate alternatives to the secure storage of coffee grains. Considering that the cooling air provides the grains’ deterioration reduction of several species, in this work aimed to investigate the effects of processing and storage in air cooled on the sensory quality and on physical, chemical, physiological and biochemical features of the depulped natural coffee. For these studies, experiments were conducted in two crops, where the coffee cherry fruits were harvested at maturity stage and were dried until they reach 11% water content after being processed by dry method (natural coffee, in coconut) and wet method (in parchment, depulped). After drying, part of the coffee were processed and other kept unprocessed during storage under controlled conditions of cooled air (10 °C and 50% relative humidity) and environment at 25 °C without relative humidity control. In the first harvest, color parameters of coffee grains stored for eight months were evaluated. In the second crop, the coffees were evaluated at 0, 3, 6 and 12 months of storage, through the sensory evaluation and electrical conductivity, potassium leaching, total acidity, total sugars, germination, tetrazolium, color analysis and enzyme activity of the antioxidant process. To investigate the effects of cooling and processing in the conservation of the quality coffee grains, it was applied to optimization of simultaneous responses of sensory variables, physiological and chemical. In all experiments and studies conducted it was concluded that reduction of the air temperature and the intact grain storage without processing, contribute to the maintenance of the sensory quality, chemical, physical, physiological and biochemical of the coffee grains, as an alternative technically feasible for storage. The beneficial effects of these factors are evidenced by the enzyme activity of the antioxidant process and are also confirmed by optimization studies of the response variables.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Qualidade, Armazenamento refrigerado
Citação
ABREU, G. F. Aspectos sensoriais, fisiológicos e bioquímicos de grãos de café armazenados em ambiente refrigerado. 2015. 157 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2015.