ADUBAÇÃO ORGÂNICA NA COVA DE PLANTIO DO CAFEEIRO CONILON (Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner): II. EFEITOS NOS TEORES FOLIARES DE NUTRIENTES
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2009
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Resumo
Devido à dependência internacional de fertilizantes e ao aumento da demanda mundial deste insumo agrícola, o alto custo destes é um dos fatores que vem sendo um entrave para os produtores rurais brasileiros. Assim, este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a utilização de dois compostos orgânicos, provindos de materiais de fácil aquisição pelos pequenos produtores rurais, como adubo de plantio na cultura do cafeeiro conilon, com o intuito de substituir as adubações nitrogenada e potássica recomendada para a cultura na fase de pós-plantio no campo. Foram avaliadas cinco doses de dois compostos orgânicos, a serem misturados ao volume de solo correspondente ao de uma cova de plantio de cafeeiro conilon. O composto orgânico 1 (CO1) foi preparado pela mistura entre esterco bovino curtido e capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) na proporção 1:4, e o composto orgânico 2 (CO2) foi preparado pela mistura entre cama-de-frango e capim-elefante na proporção 1:4. As doses utilizadas do CO1 foram: 0 (D0); 4.265 (D1); 8.530 (D2); 12.795 (D3) e 17.060 (D4) gramas por cova (64 litros). As doses do CO2 foram: 0 (D0); 3.792 (D1); 7.584 (D2); 11.376 (D3) e 15.168 (D4) gramas por cova (64 litros). Aos 120 dias após o plantio das mudas, as plantas foram coletadas, e as folhas foram encaminhadas para a quantificação dos teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn. Os resultados mostraram que a adição e a quantidade dos compostos orgânicos interferiram nos teores foliares de macro e micronutrientes das plantas de cafeeiro conilon. O aumento nas doses do CO1 não interferiu nos teores de foliares de P, Mg e S, enquanto que o aumento nas doses do CO2 não interferiu nos teores de K, Mg e S. O aumento das doses de ambos compostos promoveu decréscimo nos teores foliares de Ca, Cu e B. As doses de 9.160 g/cova de CO1 e de 8.706 g/cova de CO2 proporcionaram os maiores teores foliares de N. As plantas de todos os tratamentos apresentaram teor foliar de K acima da faixa de suficiência. Baseado nos resultados obtidos neste trabalho pode-se afirmar que a adubação com compostos orgânicos na cova de plantio pode ser uma alternativa para substituir ou reduzir as adubações minerais nitrogenada e potássica recomendadas para o primeiro ano pós-plantio das mudas do cafeeiro conilon.
Due to the international dependency of fertilizers and the its global demand increase, the high cost of fertilizers has been an obstacle for Brazilian farmers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of two organic compounds used in the planting of Coffea canephora tree, in order to replace the nitrogen and potassium fertilizer recommended for the culture in the post-planting, on the nutritional status of plants. Five doses of two compounds were evaluated which were mixed to the volume of soil corresponding to a hole of planting coffee tree. The organic compound 1 (CO1) was composed by the mixture of cattle manure and Pennisetum purpureum (1:4), and the organic compound 2 (CO2) was composed by the mixture of poultry litter and Pennisetum purpureum (1:4). The doses of CO1 were 0 (D0), 4,265 (D1), 8,530 (D2), 12,795 (D3) and 17,060 (D4) grams per hole (64 liters). The doses of CO2 were 0 (D0), 3,792 (D1), 7,584 (D2), 11,376 (D3) and 15,168 (D4) grams per hole. After 120 days of planting, the plants were collected, and the N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn levels were quantified. The results showed that addition and amount of organic compounds interfered in foliar nutrient levels. The increase in doses of CO1 did not affect the foliar levels of P, Mg and S, while the increase in doses of CO2 did not affect the levels of K, Mg and S. Increasing doses of both compounds provided decrease in foliar levels of Ca, Cu and B. The doses of 9,160 g/hole of CO1 and 8,706 g/hole CO2 provided the greatest foliar levels of N. Plants of all treatments provided foliar content of K above the sufficiency range. Based on the results obtained in this work, it might be stated that the fertilization with organic compounds in the planting hole may be an alternative to replace or reduce the nitrogen and potassium fertilizer minerals recommended for the first year after planting the Coffea canephora trees.
Due to the international dependency of fertilizers and the its global demand increase, the high cost of fertilizers has been an obstacle for Brazilian farmers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of two organic compounds used in the planting of Coffea canephora tree, in order to replace the nitrogen and potassium fertilizer recommended for the culture in the post-planting, on the nutritional status of plants. Five doses of two compounds were evaluated which were mixed to the volume of soil corresponding to a hole of planting coffee tree. The organic compound 1 (CO1) was composed by the mixture of cattle manure and Pennisetum purpureum (1:4), and the organic compound 2 (CO2) was composed by the mixture of poultry litter and Pennisetum purpureum (1:4). The doses of CO1 were 0 (D0), 4,265 (D1), 8,530 (D2), 12,795 (D3) and 17,060 (D4) grams per hole (64 liters). The doses of CO2 were 0 (D0), 3,792 (D1), 7,584 (D2), 11,376 (D3) and 15,168 (D4) grams per hole. After 120 days of planting, the plants were collected, and the N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn levels were quantified. The results showed that addition and amount of organic compounds interfered in foliar nutrient levels. The increase in doses of CO1 did not affect the foliar levels of P, Mg and S, while the increase in doses of CO2 did not affect the levels of K, Mg and S. Increasing doses of both compounds provided decrease in foliar levels of Ca, Cu and B. The doses of 9,160 g/hole of CO1 and 8,706 g/hole CO2 provided the greatest foliar levels of N. Plants of all treatments provided foliar content of K above the sufficiency range. Based on the results obtained in this work, it might be stated that the fertilization with organic compounds in the planting hole may be an alternative to replace or reduce the nitrogen and potassium fertilizer minerals recommended for the first year after planting the Coffea canephora trees.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (6. : 2009 : Vitória, ES). Anais Brasília, D.F: Embrapa - Café, 2011
Palavras-chave
Coffea canephora, esterco bovino, cama de frango, Pennisetum purpureum,adubação orgânica e, Coffea canephora, cattle manure; poultry litter; Pennisetum purpureum; manure and mineral fertilizer.
Citação
Serrano, Luiz Augusto Lopes; Silva, Luiz Augusto Lopes; Formentini, Edegar Antônio; Teixeira, Alex Fabian Rabelo. Adubação orgânica na cova de plantio do cafeeiro Conilon (Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner): II. Efeitos nos teores foliares nutrientes. In: Simpósio de Pesquisa dos cafés do Brasil (6. : 2009 : Vitória, ES). Anais Brasília, D.F: Embrapa - Café, 2011 (1 CD-ROM), 6p.