Utilização da variação dendrométrica como indicador para o manejo da irrigação de plantas de café
Data
2009-02
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Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro
Resumo
Este trabalho foi executado com o objetivo de avaliar o uso das microvariações do diâmetro do caule na detecção do déficit hídrico, visando o manejo da irrigação em plantas jovens de café. Foram utilizados dois tratamentos, sendo que, em um, as plantas foram irrigadas continuamente e, no outro, as plantas foram desprovidas de água, retornando a irrigação quando o potencial da água foliar (Ψ wf ) atingiu um valor entre -2,0 e -3,0 MPa. As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos de 22 L, com solo na proporção de 3:2:1, sendo argila:areia:composto, respectivamente, em casa de vegetação. Foram avaliadas as variações do diâmetro do caule, através dos parâmetros de amplitude diária máxima (ADM), mínimo e máximo diâmetro do caule do dia (Mndt e Mxdt), variação do diâmetro mínimo e máximo (Dmin e Dmax), densidade de fluxo de seiva (J s ), potencial da água foliar na antemanhã (Ψ wf ), área foliar total e determinação das trocas gasosas (A e g s ). A ADM das plantas sem restrições hídricas apresentou relação direta e linear com algumas variáveis climáticas (T med , DPV e ET 0 ). Durante o primeiro ciclo, as plantas submetidas ao estresse hídrico apresentaram um rápido aumento da ADM, seguido pelo decréscimo do Ψ wf , Dmin, J s , Mndt, e, por último, a diminuição do Mxdt e Dmax. O aumento da ADM se deu até um determinado valor de potencial da água foliar na antemanhã (Ψ wf = -1,3 MPa), quando começou a diminuir. No segundo ciclo, as plantas submetidas ao estresse hídrico também apresentaram um aumento na ADM até um valor de potencial da água foliar na antemanhã (Ψ wf = -1,65 MPa), decrescendo posteriormente, porém em um período de tempo superior ao apresentado no primeiro ciclo. As demais variáveis (Dmin, Mndt, Mxdt, Dmax, A e g s ) das plantas desprovidas de água apresentaram diminuição, associada ao aumento da ADM, também em um período de tempo maior que o ocorrido no primeiro ciclo. A partir desses resultados, pode-se concluir que a ADM está relacionada com as condições climáticas e a transpiração da planta e refletiu satisfatoriamente a variação do Ψ wf . Além disso, a ADM indicou precocemente o estresse hídrico em plantas jovens de café, quando comparada com as medições do Ψ wf .
This work was carried out with the aim to evaluate the use of microvariations of trunk diameter for detection the water deficit, to use it on the young coffee plants irrigation scheduling. It was carried out two treatments, which one, the plants were irrigated continually and the other treatment the plants were submitted to water deficit, after which plants were rewatered when leaf water potential (Ψ wf ) reached a value between -2,0 and -3,0 MPa. The plants were grown in pots of 22 L, with soil at a ratio of 3:2:1, which clay:sand:compost, respectively, under green house. It was evaluated trunk diameter fluctuations, based on parameters of maximum daily shrinkage (MDS), minimum and maximum daily trunk diameters (Mndt and Mxdt), trunk growth expressed as daily minimum and maximum diameters (Dmin and Dmax), sap flow density (J s ), pre-dawn leaf water potential (Ψ wf ), total leaf area and gas exchange (A e g s ). In the fully irrigation plants, MDS observations correlated linearly and directly with climate variables (T med , VPD and ET 0 ). During the first cycle, the plants submitted to water stress showed a rapid increase in MDS, followed by a decrease in Ψ wf , Dmin, J s , Mndt, and finally a reduction in Mxdt and Dmax. The increase in MDS values was associated with a decreases in Ψ wf at values above the threshold value of -1,3 MPa, when it started to decline. At the second cycle, the plants submitted to water stress showed the same behavior, with an increase in MDS associated with a decreases in Ψ wf at values above the threshold value of -1,65 MPa, decreasing thereafter, but in a longer period than shown in the first cycle. The other parameters of the plants submitted to water deficit (Dmin, Mndt, Mxdt, Dmax, A e g s ) showed a decrease, were associated with increases in MDS, and similarly, in a longer period than shown in the first cycle. The above mentioned results indicate that the MDS signal is correlated with climatic conditions and plant transpiration and reflected satisfactorily the variations of Ψ wf . Furthermore, the MDS signal showed the early water stress in young coffee plants, compared with the Ψ wf parameter.
This work was carried out with the aim to evaluate the use of microvariations of trunk diameter for detection the water deficit, to use it on the young coffee plants irrigation scheduling. It was carried out two treatments, which one, the plants were irrigated continually and the other treatment the plants were submitted to water deficit, after which plants were rewatered when leaf water potential (Ψ wf ) reached a value between -2,0 and -3,0 MPa. The plants were grown in pots of 22 L, with soil at a ratio of 3:2:1, which clay:sand:compost, respectively, under green house. It was evaluated trunk diameter fluctuations, based on parameters of maximum daily shrinkage (MDS), minimum and maximum daily trunk diameters (Mndt and Mxdt), trunk growth expressed as daily minimum and maximum diameters (Dmin and Dmax), sap flow density (J s ), pre-dawn leaf water potential (Ψ wf ), total leaf area and gas exchange (A e g s ). In the fully irrigation plants, MDS observations correlated linearly and directly with climate variables (T med , VPD and ET 0 ). During the first cycle, the plants submitted to water stress showed a rapid increase in MDS, followed by a decrease in Ψ wf , Dmin, J s , Mndt, and finally a reduction in Mxdt and Dmax. The increase in MDS values was associated with a decreases in Ψ wf at values above the threshold value of -1,3 MPa, when it started to decline. At the second cycle, the plants submitted to water stress showed the same behavior, with an increase in MDS associated with a decreases in Ψ wf at values above the threshold value of -1,65 MPa, decreasing thereafter, but in a longer period than shown in the first cycle. The other parameters of the plants submitted to water deficit (Dmin, Mndt, Mxdt, Dmax, A e g s ) showed a decrease, were associated with increases in MDS, and similarly, in a longer period than shown in the first cycle. The above mentioned results indicate that the MDS signal is correlated with climatic conditions and plant transpiration and reflected satisfactorily the variations of Ψ wf . Furthermore, the MDS signal showed the early water stress in young coffee plants, compared with the Ψ wf parameter.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro.
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Citação
SOUZA, L. F. Utilização da variação dendrométrica como indicador para o manejo da irrigação de plantas de café. 2009. 65 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Produção Vegetal) - Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes. 2009.