Efeitos de métodos de controle de plantas daninhas na cultura do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) sobre a qualidade física do solo
Data
2000-07
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Resumo
Estudaram-se os efeitos de diferentes métodos de controle de plantas daninhas na cultura do cafeeiro sobre alguns indicadores da qualidade física do solo. O experimento foi instalado, em 1977, na Fazenda Experimental da EPAMIG em São Sebastião do Paraíso (MG), em um Latossolo Roxo distrófico. Foi utilizado o cultivar “Catuaí Vermelho” LCH 2077-2-5-99, plantado no espaçamento 4 x 1 m. Roçadeira (RÇ), grade (GR), enxada rotativa (RT), herbicida de pós-emergência (HC), herbicida de pré-emergência (HR) e capina manual (CM) foram empregados no controle das plantas daninhas na entrelinha de plantio (“ruas”), em comparação com a área cultivada mantida sem capina (SC) e a condição original de mata (MT). Os seguintes indicadores da qualidade física do solo foram avaliados, entre 1978 e 1995, nas camadas de 0-15 e 15-30 cm: matéria orgânica, densidade do solo, volume total de poros e estabilidade de agregados em água. Após dezoito anos de avaliações, a qualidade física do solo mostrou-se diretamente correlacionada com o seu teor de matéria orgânica. A utilização contínua de herbicida de pré-emergência, além de reduzir o teor de matéria orgânica do solo, provocou o surgimento de encrostamento superficial do solo. Os usos da enxada rotativa e da roçadeira acarretaram o surgimento de camada subsuperficial compactada. O controle das plantas daninhas por meio de capinas manuais e herbicidas de pós-emergência mostraram-se eficientes na manutenção da qualidade física do solo.
The effects of different weed control methods in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) on some soil physical quality indicators were studied. The essay was installed in 1977 at the EPAMIG Experimental station in São Sebastião do Paraíso (MG), Brazil, in a coffee plantation on a Dusky Red Latosol. Coffee cultivar ‘Catuaí Vermelho’ LCH 2077-2-5-99 was planted at 4x1m spacing. Mower (RÇ), coffee tandem disk harrow (GR), rotary tiller (RT), post (HC) and pre- emergency herbicides (HR) and hand hoe (CM), were used to control weed at the coffee plants interrows in comparison to no weed control in the coffee interrows (SC) and original soil under natural forest (MT) conditions. Soil organic matter content, bulk density, total porosity and water aggregate stability, used as indicators of soil physical quality, were evaluated from 1978 to 1995, at 0 to 15 cm and 15 to 30 cm layers. After 18 years of evaluations, it was observed that soil physical quality is directly correlated to organic matter content. Continuous use of pre-emergency herbicide reduced soil organic matter and induced superficial crust formation. The use of rotary tiller gave rise to a compacted layer below the soil surface. Weed control by hand hoe and post – emergency herbicide were the most efficient methods for maintaining the physical quality of soil.
The effects of different weed control methods in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) on some soil physical quality indicators were studied. The essay was installed in 1977 at the EPAMIG Experimental station in São Sebastião do Paraíso (MG), Brazil, in a coffee plantation on a Dusky Red Latosol. Coffee cultivar ‘Catuaí Vermelho’ LCH 2077-2-5-99 was planted at 4x1m spacing. Mower (RÇ), coffee tandem disk harrow (GR), rotary tiller (RT), post (HC) and pre- emergency herbicides (HR) and hand hoe (CM), were used to control weed at the coffee plants interrows in comparison to no weed control in the coffee interrows (SC) and original soil under natural forest (MT) conditions. Soil organic matter content, bulk density, total porosity and water aggregate stability, used as indicators of soil physical quality, were evaluated from 1978 to 1995, at 0 to 15 cm and 15 to 30 cm layers. After 18 years of evaluations, it was observed that soil physical quality is directly correlated to organic matter content. Continuous use of pre-emergency herbicide reduced soil organic matter and induced superficial crust formation. The use of rotary tiller gave rise to a compacted layer below the soil surface. Weed control by hand hoe and post – emergency herbicide were the most efficient methods for maintaining the physical quality of soil.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Densidade do solo, Estabilidade de agregados, Compactação do solo, Encrostamento do solo
Citação
ALCÂNTARA, E. N.; FERREIRA, M. M. Efeitos de métodos de controle de plantas daninhas na cultura do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica l.) sobre a qualidade física do solo. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Viçosa, v. 24, n. 4, p. 711-721, 2000.