Crescimento e acúmulo de nutrientes pelo cafeeiro Conilon (Coffea canephora Pierre)
Arquivos
Data
2005
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Com o objetivo de caracterizar o crescimento, o acúmulo e a flutuação estacional dos nutrientes no cafeeiro Conilon (Coffea canephora Pierre), foi instalado um experimento na Fazenda Experimental do Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (INCAPER), no município de Marilândia-ES. O transplantio foi realizado em outubro de 1995 e o experimento conduzido até o sexto ano de idade. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com vinte e quatro tratamentos e três repetições. Cada tratamento correspondeu a uma época de amostragem, realizada em intervalos
de três meses, a partir do transplantio. Os blocos foram dispostos em uma área com 1.500 plantas no sentido transversal à declividade do terreno e cada parcela constituída por única planta. Em cada bloco foram conduzidas 100 plantas úteis, no espaçamento de 3,0 m entre linha e 1,5 m entre plantas. A coleta dos dados foi feita por meio de amostragens por bloco, em cada época, procurando com isso explorar ao máximo a área experimental e garantir representatividade das plantas amostradas. Uma planta por época de amostragem foi colhida, aleatoriamente, mediante sorteio, em três repetições. Nas avaliações utilizou-se o clone 02, pertencente à variedade clonal EMCAPA 8111. As plantas úteis foram circundadas pelos outros clones da mesma variedade, que constituíram a bordadura. As adubações e os tratos culturais foram realizados de acordo com as recomendações técnicas existentes para a cultura, no estado do Espírito Santo. As três plantas amostradas em cada época foram retiradas do solo por meio de jatos d’água e a seguir foram seccionadas, de forma a separar os seus órgãos em raiz, tronco + ramos ortotrópicos, ramos plagiotrópicos, folhas e frutos. Após o preparo das partes recém coletadas determinou-se o seu peso de matéria seca e concentração de macro e micronutrientes. Em seguida, utilizando-se os valores médios das três repetições, foram determinadas: curvas de crescimento e acúmulo de nutrientes; taxas de crescimento e acúmulo de nutrientes; partição da biomassa e nutrientes em diferentes órgãos; produtividade e flutuação estacional da concentração de nutrientes. Concluiu-se que: 1) a matéria seca total, do tronco + ramos ortotrópicos, das raízes, das folhas, dos ramos plagiotrópicos, e dos frutos aumentou progressivamente segundo uma função sigmoidal, alcançando no 72o mês 15,94 kg/planta, 7,39 kg/planta, 2,69 kg/planta, 2,65 kg/planta, 1,88 kg/planta e 1,33 kg/planta, respectivamente; 2) os conteúdos de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S na planta aumentaram progressivamente segundo uma função sigmoidal, alcançando no 72o mês 249,38 g, 14,17 g, 137,16 g, 214,10 g, 42,37 g e 23,64 g, respectivamente. A ordem de acúmulo foi: N > Ca > K > Mg > S > P; 3) os conteúdos de Fe, Mn, B, Zn e Cu na planta aumentaram progressivamente segundo uma função sigmoidal, alcançando no 72o mês 4.716,05 mg, 1.018,32 mg, 336,39 mg, 239,96 mg e 87,85 mg, respectivamente. A ordem de acúmulo foi: Fe > Mn > B > Zn > Cu. 4) De modo geral, foram observados teores mais baixos de Mg em abril e de N, P, K, S e P, em julho. Para o cálcio, houve aumento contínuo das concentrações foliares ao longo do tempo. Os menores teores foliares de micronutrientes foram observados em abril, à exceção do boro, cujas concentrações reduziram -se de janeiro a outubro, e do cobre, cujas concentrações mantiveram-se praticamente constantes ao longo do ano.
With the objective to characterize the growth and the accumulation of nutrients for the coffee plant Conilon (Coffea canephora Pierre), an experiment was installed on the Experimental Farm of the Capixaba’s Institute of Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (INCAPER), in Marilândia, Espírito Santo State. The transplantation was accomplished in October 1995 and the experiment lead until the sixth year of age. The experimental design of blocks randomized was used with twenty-four treatments and three repetitions. Each treatment corresponded to a sampling time, accomplished in intervals of three months, starting from the transplantation. The blocks were disposed in an area with 1,500 plants in the traverse sense to the declivity of the land and each portion constituted by only one plant. In each block 100 useful plants were lead, in the spacing of 3.0 m between the lines and 1.5 m among plants. The collection of the data was made through samplings by block, in each time, in order to make the most of the exploration of the experimental area and to guarantee representativity of the plants sampled. One plant for sampling time was picked, randomly, sort through, in three repetitions. In the evaluations the clone 02 was used, belonging to the variety clonal EMCAPA 8111. The useful plants were surrounded by the other clones of the same variety, that constituted the embroidery. The fertilization and the cultural treatments were accomplished in agreement with the existent technical recommendations for the culture, in Espírito Santo State. The three plants sampled in each time was removed from the soil by through of jets of water and then they were sectioned, in way to separate its organs in root, log + branches orthotropics, branches plagiothropics, leaves and fruits. After preparing it of the recently collected parts the weight of the matter it was determined it evaporates. Soon after, being used the medium values of the three plants, they were certain the characteristics related to the growth and the nutrients. Besides the collection of the fruits in the times established for the samplings, the productivity was evaluated in coffee beneficiary's sc/ha. It was concluded that: 1) the dry matter total, of the log + branches orthotropics, of the rootses, of the leaves, of the branches plagiothropics, and of the fruits increased progressively according to a function sigmoidal, reaching in the 72nd month 15.94 kg/plant, 7.39 kg/plant, 2.69 kg/plant, 2.65 kg/plant, 1.88 kg/plant and 1.33 kg/plant, respectively; 2) the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in the plant increased progressively according to a function sigmoidal, reaching in the 72nd month, 249.38 g, 14.17 g, 137.16 g, 214.10 g, 42.37 g and 23.64 g. The accumulation order was: N>Ca>K>Mg>S>P; 3) the contents of Fe, Mn, B, Zn and Cu in the plant increased progressively according to a function sigmoidal, reaching in the 72nd month 4,716.05 mg, 1,018.32 mg, 336.39 mg, 239.96 mg and 87.85 mg, respectively. The accumulation order was: Fe>Mn>B>Zn>Cu; and 4) in general, texts were observed more bass of Mg in April and of N, P, K, S and P, in July. For the calcium, there was continuous increase of the concentrations foliated along the time. The smallest texts foliate of micronutrients were observed in April, except the bore, whose concentrations were reduced from January to October, and of the copper, whose concentrations stayed practically constant along the year.
With the objective to characterize the growth and the accumulation of nutrients for the coffee plant Conilon (Coffea canephora Pierre), an experiment was installed on the Experimental Farm of the Capixaba’s Institute of Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (INCAPER), in Marilândia, Espírito Santo State. The transplantation was accomplished in October 1995 and the experiment lead until the sixth year of age. The experimental design of blocks randomized was used with twenty-four treatments and three repetitions. Each treatment corresponded to a sampling time, accomplished in intervals of three months, starting from the transplantation. The blocks were disposed in an area with 1,500 plants in the traverse sense to the declivity of the land and each portion constituted by only one plant. In each block 100 useful plants were lead, in the spacing of 3.0 m between the lines and 1.5 m among plants. The collection of the data was made through samplings by block, in each time, in order to make the most of the exploration of the experimental area and to guarantee representativity of the plants sampled. One plant for sampling time was picked, randomly, sort through, in three repetitions. In the evaluations the clone 02 was used, belonging to the variety clonal EMCAPA 8111. The useful plants were surrounded by the other clones of the same variety, that constituted the embroidery. The fertilization and the cultural treatments were accomplished in agreement with the existent technical recommendations for the culture, in Espírito Santo State. The three plants sampled in each time was removed from the soil by through of jets of water and then they were sectioned, in way to separate its organs in root, log + branches orthotropics, branches plagiothropics, leaves and fruits. After preparing it of the recently collected parts the weight of the matter it was determined it evaporates. Soon after, being used the medium values of the three plants, they were certain the characteristics related to the growth and the nutrients. Besides the collection of the fruits in the times established for the samplings, the productivity was evaluated in coffee beneficiary's sc/ha. It was concluded that: 1) the dry matter total, of the log + branches orthotropics, of the rootses, of the leaves, of the branches plagiothropics, and of the fruits increased progressively according to a function sigmoidal, reaching in the 72nd month 15.94 kg/plant, 7.39 kg/plant, 2.69 kg/plant, 2.65 kg/plant, 1.88 kg/plant and 1.33 kg/plant, respectively; 2) the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in the plant increased progressively according to a function sigmoidal, reaching in the 72nd month, 249.38 g, 14.17 g, 137.16 g, 214.10 g, 42.37 g and 23.64 g. The accumulation order was: N>Ca>K>Mg>S>P; 3) the contents of Fe, Mn, B, Zn and Cu in the plant increased progressively according to a function sigmoidal, reaching in the 72nd month 4,716.05 mg, 1,018.32 mg, 336.39 mg, 239.96 mg and 87.85 mg, respectively. The accumulation order was: Fe>Mn>B>Zn>Cu; and 4) in general, texts were observed more bass of Mg in April and of N, P, K, S and P, in July. For the calcium, there was continuous increase of the concentrations foliated along the time. The smallest texts foliate of micronutrients were observed in April, except the bore, whose concentrations were reduced from January to October, and of the copper, whose concentrations stayed practically constant along the year.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Palavras-chave
Café Conilon Nutrição Crescimento Coffea canephora, Conilon coffee Nutrition Growth Coffea canephora
Citação
Bragança, Scheilla Marina. Crescimento e acúmulo de nutrientes pelo cafeeiro Conilon (Coffea canephora Pierre). Viçosa : UFV, 2005. 99p. : il. (Tese - Doutorado em Fitotecnia). Orientadora: Hermínia Emília Prieto Martinez. T 633.738911 B813c 2005