POSIÇÃO DE FOLHAS E INTERCEPTAÇÃO LUMINOSA AFETAM A DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE FRUTOS DE CAFEEIROS ARÁBICA VIRTUAIS
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2011
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A arquitetura de café Arábica (Coffea arabica L.) foi descrita por modelo de Roux, especificado por existência de dimorfismo de galhos. O tronco principal é ortotrópico, ereto, radial com as folhas opostas. Os ramos laterais são plagiotrópicos, responsáveis para assimilação de carbono e reprodução. Hipotetizou-se que a produção de frutos de uma safra é relacionada com a área foliar (AF) formada no ano precedente, considerado a ocupação de quase mesma posição espacial destes dois constituintes botânicos nos ramos plagiotrópicos em dois anos subseqüentes. Neste sentido, objetivou-se correlacionar a AF e o número de frutos presentes em cubos tridimensionais (voxels), considerando dois anos subseqüentes (2007 e 2008). As plantas de C. arabica cultivadas em dois arranjos (retangular e quadrangular) e em três densidades (6000, 10000 e 14000 plantas ha-1) foram codificadas no software VPlants e reconstruídas em 3D no PlantGLViewer. STAR (Razão da Área Total da Silhueta), AF e número de frutos foram calculados no software VegeSTAR, diferenciando as camadas verticais de 30 cm e considerando a distância do tronco ortotrópico (em cada 30 cm) nos plagiotrópicos orientados para Norte e Sul. Aplicou se o modelo Poisson inverso Gaussiano para calcular o impacto do micro-clima luminoso (STAR) e da distribuição de AF em 2007 na distribuição dos frutos em 2008. Nas densidades 10000 e 6000 plantas ha-1 formaram-se mais frutos por planta em comparação de 14000 plantas ha-1. O número médio de frutos foi menor no arranjo retangular do que no quadrangular. Foi apresentada diferença entre as duas orientações nos plagiotrópicos, com maior produção de frutos perto de ortotrópico, na camada 0-30 cm no sentido Sul do que no sentido Norte. Na camada 31-60 cm o número de frutos diminui significativamente, enquanto que as camadas mais periféricas carregam pouco ou nenhum fruto. Quanto maiores foram AF e STAR por voxel em 2007, maior produção de frutos pode-se esperar em 2008 no mesmo espaço. Isso tem origem no fato que a indução floral começa em gemas seriadas de entrenós ocupados pelas folhas em 2007 e a seqüência de eventos é a reocupação deste espaço pelos frutos e algumas folhas antigas em 2008.
The architecture of coffee arabica (Coffea arabica L.) was described by Roux’s model that specifies the existence of branch dimorphism. The main stem is orthotropic, erect and radial, with opposite leaves. The lateral branches are plagiotropic and responsible for carbon assimilation and reproduction. It was hypothesized that berry production in one harvest period is related to leaf area (LA) formed in the previous year, considering nearly the same sequential occupation of plagiotropic shoots by those two botanical constituents. In this sense, the aim of this study was to correlate the LA and berry production distributed in tridimensional cubes (voxels) of virtual coffee trees in two sequential years (2007 and 2008). The C. arabica trees cultivated in two arrangements (rectangular and square) and three planting densities (6000, 10000 and 14000 plants ha-1) were codified in software VPlants and visualized in 3D in PlantGLViewer. Silhouette to Total Area Ratio (STAR), LA and berry number were computed in software VegeSTAR, differing the 30 cm vertical layers, and considering de distance from the orthotropic shoot (for each 30 cm) on plagiotropics oriented to North and South. The Poisson Inverse Gaussian model was applied to calculate the impact of light micro-climate (STAR) and LA distribution in 2007 on berry distribution in 2008. When the densities were 10000 and 6000 plants ha-1, the berry number was higher than at 14000 plants ha-1. The average berry number formed per plant was lower in rectangular than in square arrangement. The orientation of plagiotropics was important for berry production; the biggest number was formed at the layers close to orthotropic (0 – 30 cm), more on South oriented plagiotropics than on North oriented ones. The berry number decreased significantly at voxels at 31-60 from orthotropic, while the peripheral ones bear low quantity or no berries. Bigger the values of LA and STAR per voxel in 2007, higher the berry production in 2008 at the same space. This is related to floral induction from serial buds that start in internodes occupied by leaves in 2007, which is proceeded by berry and low LA reoccupation in 2008.
The architecture of coffee arabica (Coffea arabica L.) was described by Roux’s model that specifies the existence of branch dimorphism. The main stem is orthotropic, erect and radial, with opposite leaves. The lateral branches are plagiotropic and responsible for carbon assimilation and reproduction. It was hypothesized that berry production in one harvest period is related to leaf area (LA) formed in the previous year, considering nearly the same sequential occupation of plagiotropic shoots by those two botanical constituents. In this sense, the aim of this study was to correlate the LA and berry production distributed in tridimensional cubes (voxels) of virtual coffee trees in two sequential years (2007 and 2008). The C. arabica trees cultivated in two arrangements (rectangular and square) and three planting densities (6000, 10000 and 14000 plants ha-1) were codified in software VPlants and visualized in 3D in PlantGLViewer. Silhouette to Total Area Ratio (STAR), LA and berry number were computed in software VegeSTAR, differing the 30 cm vertical layers, and considering de distance from the orthotropic shoot (for each 30 cm) on plagiotropics oriented to North and South. The Poisson Inverse Gaussian model was applied to calculate the impact of light micro-climate (STAR) and LA distribution in 2007 on berry distribution in 2008. When the densities were 10000 and 6000 plants ha-1, the berry number was higher than at 14000 plants ha-1. The average berry number formed per plant was lower in rectangular than in square arrangement. The orientation of plagiotropics was important for berry production; the biggest number was formed at the layers close to orthotropic (0 – 30 cm), more on South oriented plagiotropics than on North oriented ones. The berry number decreased significantly at voxels at 31-60 from orthotropic, while the peripheral ones bear low quantity or no berries. Bigger the values of LA and STAR per voxel in 2007, higher the berry production in 2008 at the same space. This is related to floral induction from serial buds that start in internodes occupied by leaves in 2007, which is proceeded by berry and low LA reoccupation in 2008.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (7. : 2011 : Araxá, MG). Anais Brasília, D.F: Embrapa - Café, 2011
Palavras-chave
ramos plagiotrópicos, STAR, tronco ortotrópico, voxels, VPlants., orthotropic shoots, plagiotropic branches, STAR, voxels, VPlants.
Citação
Rakocevic, Miroslava; Perez, Fernando Lucambio; Androcioli Filho, Armando; Matsunaga, Fabio Takeshi. Posição de folhas e interceptação luminosa afetam a distribuição de frutos de cafeeiros arábica virtuais. In: Simpósio de Pesquisa dos cafés do Brasil (7. : 2011 : Araxá, MG). Anais Brasília, D.F: Embrapa - Café, 2011 (1 CD-ROM), 6p.