Cultivo orgânico de diferentes cultivares de café (Coffea arabica) a pleno sol e sombreado
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Data
2005
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Resumo
Estima-se que no Brasil mais de 90% do café é produzido em monocultura a pleno sol. Entretanto, a arborização de cafezais com espécies e espaçamentos adequados pode possibilitar resultados satisfatórios, tais como melhoria da fertilidade do solo, maior controle de pragas e doenças, renda extra aos produtores, entre outros. Seis cultivares de café (Coffea arabica) foram avaliadas nos sistemas monocultura a pleno sol e cultivo associado à banana (Musa sp.) e Erythrina verna para sombreamento. Adotou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o cultivo orgânico de cultivares de café a pleno sol e sombreado, e sua influência sobre o crescimento, fenologia, nutrição e produtividade do cafeeiro, características químicas do solo e custos de produção. Após três anos de cultivo, concluiu-se que o sombreamento reduziu a taxa de crescimento das cultivares apenas nos primeiros 15 meses de cultivo; reduziu o diâmetro, o número de ramos e de nós dos cafeeiros, porém aumentou a área foliar dos mesmos; reduziu o teor de K do solo e aumentou os teores de N e de Mg nas folhas do café; não reduziu a produtividade média das cultivares e possibilitou um retorno extra ao produtor com a comercialização da banana.
It is estimated that more than 90% of all coffee produced in Brazil is conducted as a monoculture in the full sun. However, tree planting in coffee fields with suitable species and spacings may provide satisfactory results, such as improved soil fertility, better control of pests and diseases, and extra income for producers, among others. Six coffee cultivars (Coffea arabica) were evaluated under both a monoculture system in the full sun and an intercropped system with banana (Musa sp.) and Erythrina verna plants for shading. The experimental design adopted was random blocks with four replicates. The objective of this research was to evaluate the organic cultivation of coffee cultivars both in the full sun and under shading, and their influence on the growth, phenology, nutrition, and productivity of coffee plants, as well as on soil chemical characteristics and production costs. After three years of cultivation, it was concluded that shading reduced the growth rate of cultivars only during the first 15 months of cultivation; reduced plant diameter and the number of branches and nodes, but increased their leaf area; reduced soil K content and increased N and Mg contents in coffee leaves; did not reduce the mean productivity of cultivars, and allowed an extra income for the producer from banana sales.
It is estimated that more than 90% of all coffee produced in Brazil is conducted as a monoculture in the full sun. However, tree planting in coffee fields with suitable species and spacings may provide satisfactory results, such as improved soil fertility, better control of pests and diseases, and extra income for producers, among others. Six coffee cultivars (Coffea arabica) were evaluated under both a monoculture system in the full sun and an intercropped system with banana (Musa sp.) and Erythrina verna plants for shading. The experimental design adopted was random blocks with four replicates. The objective of this research was to evaluate the organic cultivation of coffee cultivars both in the full sun and under shading, and their influence on the growth, phenology, nutrition, and productivity of coffee plants, as well as on soil chemical characteristics and production costs. After three years of cultivation, it was concluded that shading reduced the growth rate of cultivars only during the first 15 months of cultivation; reduced plant diameter and the number of branches and nodes, but increased their leaf area; reduced soil K content and increased N and Mg contents in coffee leaves; did not reduce the mean productivity of cultivars, and allowed an extra income for the producer from banana sales.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (4. : 2005 : Londrina, PR). Anais. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa Café, 2005.
Palavras-chave
Café orgânico Produtividade Custo de produção Sombreamento, Organic coffee Productivity Production costs Shading
Citação
Ricci, Marta dos S.F.; Costa, Janaina R.; Pinto, Alexandre N.; Santos, Vera L. da S. Cultivo orgânico de diferentes cultivares de café (Coffea arabica) a pleno sol e sombreado. In: Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (4. : Londrina, PR : 2005). Anais. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa - Café, 2005. (1 CD-ROM), 5p.