Reação de genótipos de Coffea canephora à Hemileia vastatrix
Data
2013-02-20
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Editor
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
O Estado do Espírito Santo é o maior produtor nacional de café conilon e a ferrugem é considerada a principal doença da cultura. Os genótipos de conilon podem apresentar comportamento diferenciado em relação à ferrugem. Dentro desta abordagem, é de fundamental relevância a caracterização dos materiais genéticos superiores para resistência à ferrugem, no sentido de direcionar a seleção no programa de melhoramento de café conilon em execução pelo Incaper (Instituto Capixaba de Assistência Técnica, Pesquisa e Extensão Rural). Portanto, este trabalho objetiva avaliar a reação à Hemileia vastatrix de 54 genótipos de Coffea canephora selecionados no referido programa de melhoramento. A coleta do material vegetal e do fungo foi feita na Fazenda Experimental de Bananal do Norte, pertencente ao Incaper, em Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, ES. O experimento foi conduzido no laboratório de Fitopatologia do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA-UFES), Alegre, ES. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três repetições, onde cada repetição foi composta por 16 discos de folha, que foram acondicionados em gerbox e inoculados com 10 4 esporos.mL -1 de H. vastatrix, com o auxílio de um pincel. Os gerbox foram colocados sob ausência de luz e 22oC por 48 horas e então em fotoperíodo de 12 horas até o término do experimento. Cinco dias após a inoculação, os discos foram limpos com algodão para evitar o aparecimento de hiperparasitas. A partir do décimo dia foi observado o aparecimento de sintomas e foram avaliados, até o 37o dia, o período de incubação, o período latente, a incidência, a porcentagem de discos esporulados, o número de esporos, e a severidade. Os dados foram analisados no programa R, através da correlação de Pearson e STEPWISE e no programa Genes para a análise de variância, Scott-Knott e análise multivariada. Com base nos resultados verificou-se a formação de três grupos de genótipos de café conilon: Resistentes, Intermediários e Suscetíveis. No grupo Resistente foram alocados 19 genótipos: 05, 09, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22,23, 24, 30, 33, 35, 37, 39 e 44; no grupo Intermediário foram alocados 19 genótipos: 01, 02, 04, 06, 07, 08, 10, 14, 18, 19, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 34, 42, 45 e 50; e no grupo Suscetível foram alocados 16 genótipos: 03, 29, 32, 36, 38, 40, 41, 43, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53 e 54. Assim, com base nos resultados, conclui-se que há variação no nível de resistência dos genótipos de C. canephora à H. vastatrix. Tal informação deve ser considerada no momento da decisão de quais genótipos integrarão as novas cultivares a serem lançadas pelo Programa de Melhoramento de Café Conilon.
The Espírito Santo state is the larger producer of conilon coffee in Brazil, and the leaf rust disease is considered the main disease of this culture. Genotypes of conilon coffee may have different behavior in relation to leaf rust. Within this approach, accurate characterization of genetic materials in search for superior leaf rust resistance is of fundamental importance, in order to assist the direct selection in the breeding program of conilon coffee being executed by Incaper (Instituto Capixaba de Assistência Técnica, Pesquisa e Extensão Rural). Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the reaction to Hemileia vastatrix of 54 genotypes of Coffea canephora selected in the referred breeding program of Incaper. The vegetal material and the fungus were collected in the Experimental Farm of Bananal do Norte, directed by Incaper, in Cachoeiro do Itapemirim, ES. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of plant pathology of the Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA-UFES), Alegre, ES. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with three repetitions, and each plot was composed of 16 leaf discs, which were placed in gerbox and inoculated with 10 4 spores.mL -1 of H. vastatrix, using a brush. The gerboxes were placed in the dark at 22 °C for 48 hours and then at photoperiod of 12 hours until the end of the experiment. Five days later the inoculation, the discs were cleaned with cotton to prevent the growth of hyperparasites. From the tenth day, the appearance of symptoms was observed and were evaluated, until the 37 th day, the incubation period, the latent period, the incidence, the percentage of discs with sporulation, the spore numbers and the severity. The data were analyzed in the software R, for Pearson correlation and STEPWISE, and in the software GENES, for variance analysis, Scott-Knott test and multivariate analysis. Based on the results, three groups of genotypes of conilon coffee were formed: Resistant, Intermediate and Susceptible. In the Resistant group, 19 genotypes were allocated: 05, 09, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 30, 33, 35, 37, 39 and 44; in the Intermediate were allocated29 genotypes: 01, 02, 04, 06, 07, 08, 10, 14, 18, 19, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 34, 42, 45 and 50; and in the Susceptible group were allocated 16 genotypes: 03, 29, 32, 36, 38, 40, 41, 43, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53 and 54. Therefore, based on the results, it is concluded that there is variation in the resistance level of the genotypes of C. canephora to H. vastatrix. Such information should be considered in the decision about which genotypes will integrate the new cultivars to be released by the breeding program of conilon coffee.
The Espírito Santo state is the larger producer of conilon coffee in Brazil, and the leaf rust disease is considered the main disease of this culture. Genotypes of conilon coffee may have different behavior in relation to leaf rust. Within this approach, accurate characterization of genetic materials in search for superior leaf rust resistance is of fundamental importance, in order to assist the direct selection in the breeding program of conilon coffee being executed by Incaper (Instituto Capixaba de Assistência Técnica, Pesquisa e Extensão Rural). Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the reaction to Hemileia vastatrix of 54 genotypes of Coffea canephora selected in the referred breeding program of Incaper. The vegetal material and the fungus were collected in the Experimental Farm of Bananal do Norte, directed by Incaper, in Cachoeiro do Itapemirim, ES. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of plant pathology of the Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA-UFES), Alegre, ES. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with three repetitions, and each plot was composed of 16 leaf discs, which were placed in gerbox and inoculated with 10 4 spores.mL -1 of H. vastatrix, using a brush. The gerboxes were placed in the dark at 22 °C for 48 hours and then at photoperiod of 12 hours until the end of the experiment. Five days later the inoculation, the discs were cleaned with cotton to prevent the growth of hyperparasites. From the tenth day, the appearance of symptoms was observed and were evaluated, until the 37 th day, the incubation period, the latent period, the incidence, the percentage of discs with sporulation, the spore numbers and the severity. The data were analyzed in the software R, for Pearson correlation and STEPWISE, and in the software GENES, for variance analysis, Scott-Knott test and multivariate analysis. Based on the results, three groups of genotypes of conilon coffee were formed: Resistant, Intermediate and Susceptible. In the Resistant group, 19 genotypes were allocated: 05, 09, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 30, 33, 35, 37, 39 and 44; in the Intermediate were allocated29 genotypes: 01, 02, 04, 06, 07, 08, 10, 14, 18, 19, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 34, 42, 45 and 50; and in the Susceptible group were allocated 16 genotypes: 03, 29, 32, 36, 38, 40, 41, 43, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53 and 54. Therefore, based on the results, it is concluded that there is variation in the resistance level of the genotypes of C. canephora to H. vastatrix. Such information should be considered in the decision about which genotypes will integrate the new cultivars to be released by the breeding program of conilon coffee.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo.
Palavras-chave
Cultivo, Doenças e pragas, Melhoramento genético, Hemileia vastatrix, Espírito Santo
Citação
MENDONÇA , R. F. Reação de genótipos de Coffea canephora à Hemileia vastatrix. 2013. 48 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Produção Vegetal) - Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre. 2013.