Métodos de controle de plantas daninhas e seus impactos na qualidade microbiana de solo sob cafeeiro
Data
2013-01
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Resumo
Minas Gerais destaca-se como o Estado que mais produz café no Brasil. Essa cultura é extremamente suscetível à presença de plantas daninhas, que podem ser manejadas por meio de métodos manuais, mecanizados e, ou, químicos, com impacto nos custos da produção e qualidade do solo. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito exercido por diferentes métodos de controle de plantas daninhas na linha e entrelinha de cafeeiro, sobre a microbiota do solo e seus processos, que destacadamente têm sido utilizados em virtude de sua extrema sensibilidade e baixo custo. Para isto, amostras de solo foram retiradas em abril de 2010, em Latossolo Roxo distrófico da fazenda experimental da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), em São Sebastião do Paraíso, MG, na profundidade de 0-10 cm, no centro da rua (entrelinha) do café, e a 20 cm do caule da planta do café (linha), para determinar os atributos: densidade de bactérias e fungos totais, solubilizadores de fosfato, celulolíticos, amonificantes, bactérias diazotróficas não simbióticas, carbono da biomassa e atividade microbianas, quociente metabólico (qCO 2 ) e atividade enzimática pela hidrólise de diacetato de fluoresceína. O cafeeiro foi submetido a sete métodos de controle de plantas daninhas: roçadora, grade, enxada rotativa, herbicida pós-emergência, herbicida pré-emergência, capina manual e sem capina. Os resultados evidenciaram a complexidade dos efeitos desses diferentes métodos na microbiota do solo e seus processos, com menores impactos para capina manual e enxada rotativa. Os impactos dos métodos roçadora, grade, sem capina e aplicação de herbicidas de pré-emergência foram considerados intermediários, enquanto a aplicação de herbicidas de pós-emergência, na entrelinha do cafeeiro, promoveu os maiores impactos negativos nos atributos avaliados. Esses impactos devem ser considerados quando houver avaliação e escolha do método a ser empregado para o controle de plantas daninhas em cafeeiro.
Minas Gerais stands out as the largest coffee-producing state of Brazil. This crop is extremely susceptible to weeds, which can be handled by manual, mechanized and/or chemical methods, which strongly affect production costs and soil quality. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different weed control methods in and between coffee rows on the soil microbiota and its processes. For this purpose, soil samples were taken in April 2010 from an Oxisol on the experimental farm of the Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), in São Sebastião do Paraíso, MG, at a depth of 0-10 cm in the middle of the track (interrow) of coffee and 20 cm away from the stem of the coffee trees (row), to determine the following properties: total density of bacteria and fungi, phosphate solubilizers, cellulolytic and ammonifying microorganisms, non-symbiotic diazotrophic bacteria, carbon biomass and microbial activity, metabolic quotient (qCO 2 ) and enzymatic activity by the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate. The coffee plants were subjected to seven methods of weed control: mowing, coffee tandem disk harrow (grid), rotary tiller, post-emergence herbicide, pre- emergence herbicide, manual weeding, and no weed control. The results showed the complexity of the effects of these different methods on soil and its processes, with lowest impacts of manual weeding and rotary hoe. Mowing, coffee tandem disk harrow, no weed control and pre-emergence herbicide caused intermediate impacts, while the application of post-emergence herbicides in- between coffee rows caused the most negative impacts on the evaluated properties. It is suggested that these impacts must be considered when evaluating and selecting the method for weed control in coffee plants.
Minas Gerais stands out as the largest coffee-producing state of Brazil. This crop is extremely susceptible to weeds, which can be handled by manual, mechanized and/or chemical methods, which strongly affect production costs and soil quality. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different weed control methods in and between coffee rows on the soil microbiota and its processes. For this purpose, soil samples were taken in April 2010 from an Oxisol on the experimental farm of the Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), in São Sebastião do Paraíso, MG, at a depth of 0-10 cm in the middle of the track (interrow) of coffee and 20 cm away from the stem of the coffee trees (row), to determine the following properties: total density of bacteria and fungi, phosphate solubilizers, cellulolytic and ammonifying microorganisms, non-symbiotic diazotrophic bacteria, carbon biomass and microbial activity, metabolic quotient (qCO 2 ) and enzymatic activity by the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate. The coffee plants were subjected to seven methods of weed control: mowing, coffee tandem disk harrow (grid), rotary tiller, post-emergence herbicide, pre- emergence herbicide, manual weeding, and no weed control. The results showed the complexity of the effects of these different methods on soil and its processes, with lowest impacts of manual weeding and rotary hoe. Mowing, coffee tandem disk harrow, no weed control and pre-emergence herbicide caused intermediate impacts, while the application of post-emergence herbicides in- between coffee rows caused the most negative impacts on the evaluated properties. It is suggested that these impacts must be considered when evaluating and selecting the method for weed control in coffee plants.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Grupos microbianos, Microrganismos do solo, Processos microbiológicos, Qualidade do solo
Citação
MELLONI, R. et al. Métodos de controle de plantas daninhas e seus impactos na qualidade microbiana de solo sob cafeeiro. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Viçosa, v. 37, n. 1, p. 66-75, 2013.