Adubação do cafeeiro fertirrigado em fase de formação no sul de Minas Gerais
Data
2010-02-22
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Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
Os experimentos foram conduzidos em Lavras – MG, no Setor de Cafeicultura do Departamento de Agricultura da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), de 2007 a 2009. Com este trabalho objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento, o parcelamento e a dose de N e K 2 O mais adequados para o primeiro e segundo anos de formação do cafeeiro fertirrigado. Para isto, dois experimentos foram instalados simultaneamente; em um deles, a adubação foi realizada em quatro aplicações ao ano (P4) e no outro, em doze aplicações ao ano (P12). Em ambos, os tratamentos foram doses de 70%, 100%, 130%, 160% e 190% da recomendada para N e K 2 O por Guimarães et al.(1999) para o cultivo em sequeiro, aplicadas via fertirrigação. Para os dois experimentos foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos, quatro repetições e parcela útil de oito plantas. Em cada experimento foi instalado um tratamento testemunha, representando o cultivo convencional em sequeiro. As variáveis respostas foram: número de ramos plagiotrópicos primários (NRA); número de nós no ramo plagiotrópico primário (NNO), altura da planta (ALT); diâmetro do caule (DCA) e diâmetro de copa (DCO). Além dessas, foi quantificado em cada avaliação o teor foliar de N e K. No primeiro ano, em ambos os parcelamentos, não houve diferença significativa entre as doses para o crescimento vegetativo do cafeeiro. Quanto ao parcelamento, o P12 foi superior ao P4 em cerca de 10% para ALT, NRA, NNO e DCA e de 30% para o DCO. Em relação ao cultivo em sequeiro, o P12 foi cerca de 14 a 25% superior para ALT, NRA e NNO e 52% para DCA e DCO. O P12 apresentou teor foliar de N (média anual) entre 2,88 – 3,22 dag kg -1 e para o K de 2,04-2,19 dag kg -1 . No segundo ano, o crescimento foi também semelhante nas diferentes doses. O ganho do P12 em relação ao P4 foi cerca de 6 a 10% para ALT, NRA, NNO e DCO. Em relação à testemunha, o ganho foi de 11 a 15% para ALT, NRA e DCA e 21% para DCO. No P12 o teor foliar oscilou entre 2,97–3,26 dag kg -1 para o N e de 1,83 a 1,96 dag kg -1 para o K 2 O. Com base no estudo, verificou-se que: o parcelamento em doze aplicações de N e K 2 O é mais adequado para adubação de primeiro e segundo anos pós- plantio da lavoura cafeeira fertirrigada; a adubação de N e K 2 O do cafeeiro fertirrigado em formação (1 o e 2 o anos pós - plantio) deve ser 30% inferior à recomendada por Guimarães et al. (1999) para o cultivo em sequeiro; o cafeeiro fertirrigado apresenta crescimento superior ao cultivado em sequeiro, justificando a fertirrigação no Sul de Minas Gerais; a quantidade aplicada de N e K 2 O deve ser diferente nas diferentes fases fenológicas do cafeeiro (épocas) ao longo do primeiro e segundo anos pós - plantio.
This study was carried out to evaluate the growth of the coffee shrub as well as the parceling and dose of N and K 2 O that were more adequate for the its first and second years under fertirrigation system. So, two experiments were carried out in the Coffee Growing Sector pertaining to the Department of Agriculture- Universidade Federal de Lavras- UFLA, during the period from 2007 to 2009. Both experiments were set up simultaneously. In one experiment, the fertilization was accomplished in four applications yearly (P4), but in twelve applications yearly (P12) in the other one. In both, the doses 70%, 100%, 130%, 160% and 190% from those of N and K 2 O recommended by Guimarães et al. (1999) for the rainfed cropping were applied via fertirrigation. For both experiments, the randomized block design with five treatments, four replicates and the useful plot containing eight plants were used. In each experiment, a control treatment representing the conventional rainfed cropping was set up. The response variables were: number of the primary plagiotropic branches (NRA), number of nodes in the primary plagiotropic branch (NNO), plant height (ALT), stem diameter (DCA) and crown diameter (DCO). In addition, the leaf contents of N and K were quantified at each evaluation. In the first year and in both parcelings, there were no significant differences among doses concerning to vegetative growth of the coffee shrub. Concerning to parceling, the P12 was higher than P4 in approximately 10% for ALT, NRA, NNO and DCA and 30% for DCO. Concerning to rainfed cropping, P12 was approximately 14 to 25% higher for ALT, NRA and NNO, but 52% for DCA and DCO. P12 showed a leaf content of nitrogen (annual average) between 2.88 and 3.22dag kg -1 , but 2.04- 2.19dag kg -1 of K. In the second year, the growth was also similar at different doses. The P12 gain compared to P4 was about 6 to 10% for ALT, NRA, NNO and DCO. Concerning to control, the gain varied from 11 to 15% for ALT, NRA and DCA as well as 21% for DCO. In P12, the leaf content varied from 2.97 to 3.26dag kg -1 for N and 1.83 to 1.96dag kg -1 for K 2 O. Based on the results, the following conclusions were drawn: the parceling into twelve applications of N and K 2 O is more suitable for fertilization at both first and second years after planting the fertirrigated coffee; the fertilization with N and K 2 O of the fertirrigated coffee at formation phase (1 st and 2 nd years after planting) must be 30% less than recommended by Guimarães et al. (1999) for rainfed cropping; the fertirrigated coffee shrub shows a better development than the rainfed cropping, therefore justifying the fertirrigation on southern Minas Gerais; the applied amount of N and K 2 O should be different at different phenological stages (seasons) of the coffee during the first and second years after planting.
This study was carried out to evaluate the growth of the coffee shrub as well as the parceling and dose of N and K 2 O that were more adequate for the its first and second years under fertirrigation system. So, two experiments were carried out in the Coffee Growing Sector pertaining to the Department of Agriculture- Universidade Federal de Lavras- UFLA, during the period from 2007 to 2009. Both experiments were set up simultaneously. In one experiment, the fertilization was accomplished in four applications yearly (P4), but in twelve applications yearly (P12) in the other one. In both, the doses 70%, 100%, 130%, 160% and 190% from those of N and K 2 O recommended by Guimarães et al. (1999) for the rainfed cropping were applied via fertirrigation. For both experiments, the randomized block design with five treatments, four replicates and the useful plot containing eight plants were used. In each experiment, a control treatment representing the conventional rainfed cropping was set up. The response variables were: number of the primary plagiotropic branches (NRA), number of nodes in the primary plagiotropic branch (NNO), plant height (ALT), stem diameter (DCA) and crown diameter (DCO). In addition, the leaf contents of N and K were quantified at each evaluation. In the first year and in both parcelings, there were no significant differences among doses concerning to vegetative growth of the coffee shrub. Concerning to parceling, the P12 was higher than P4 in approximately 10% for ALT, NRA, NNO and DCA and 30% for DCO. Concerning to rainfed cropping, P12 was approximately 14 to 25% higher for ALT, NRA and NNO, but 52% for DCA and DCO. P12 showed a leaf content of nitrogen (annual average) between 2.88 and 3.22dag kg -1 , but 2.04- 2.19dag kg -1 of K. In the second year, the growth was also similar at different doses. The P12 gain compared to P4 was about 6 to 10% for ALT, NRA, NNO and DCO. Concerning to control, the gain varied from 11 to 15% for ALT, NRA and DCA as well as 21% for DCO. In P12, the leaf content varied from 2.97 to 3.26dag kg -1 for N and 1.83 to 1.96dag kg -1 for K 2 O. Based on the results, the following conclusions were drawn: the parceling into twelve applications of N and K 2 O is more suitable for fertilization at both first and second years after planting the fertirrigated coffee; the fertilization with N and K 2 O of the fertirrigated coffee at formation phase (1 st and 2 nd years after planting) must be 30% less than recommended by Guimarães et al. (1999) for rainfed cropping; the fertirrigated coffee shrub shows a better development than the rainfed cropping, therefore justifying the fertirrigation on southern Minas Gerais; the applied amount of N and K 2 O should be different at different phenological stages (seasons) of the coffee during the first and second years after planting.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica, Fertirrigação, Parcelamentos, Doses, Teor foliar
Citação
SOBREIRA, F. M. Adubação do cafeeiro fertirrigado em fase de formação no sul de Minas Gerais. 2010. 104 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia/Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2010.