Como evitar perdas na colheita de café
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Data
2001
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Resumo
Os maiores e piores defeitos do café estão relacionados com a qualidade de colheita e preparo, aliado às condições climáticas. O Paraná apresenta características climáticas próprias, o que leva a uma maturação desuniforme e, conseqüentemente, a uma necessidade de se efetuar colheita parcelada (mais de uma colheita) do café, devendo-se procurar colher menor quantidade de frutos verdes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a quantidade aceitável de frutos verdes em uma amostra de café, auxiliando os cafeicultores na tomada de decisão sobre o percentual de frutos verdes adequados durante a colheita, de modo que eles possam fazer um "balanço" entre o ponto de colheita, o percentual de frutos verdes colhidos, as perdas e o preço do café, podendo propiciar melhor resultado econômico. Efetuou-se a derriça total manual no pano de frutos de café da cultivar Catuaí Vermelho em plantas espalhadas por uma área homogênea, os quais foram separados manualmente em verdes e maduros; posteriormente foram misturadas quantidades crescentes de frutos verdes com 5, 15, 30 e 50% na amostra de frutos maduros. As amostras foram para a secagem em terreiro de tijolos, tendo sido movimentadas a cada 30 minutos. Após secas, as amostras foram beneficiadas e classificadas, observando para efeito de análise: quantidades e tipo de defeitos, perdas de peso, quantidade de escolha (catação) e perdas em valores monetários considerando para tal os valores médios de preços de café no Paraná entre as safras 96/97 e 99/2000. Como conclusão, tem-se que: quanto maior a porcentagem de grãos verdes, maiores são as perdas. Estas perdas são por: 1) peso (grãos verdes pesam em média 12,4% a menos que os maduros); 2) depreciação no tipo e aspecto; e 3) as perdas em valores monetários podem variar de 0,75% (amostras com 5% de verdes)
até 27,00% (amostras com 50% de verdes) em relação a amostras com 100% de frutos maduros.
The greatest and the worst defects of coffee are related with the kind of crop and prepare, allied totue climate condition. Paraná has peculiar climate characteristics, that convey at a unequal maturation and how consequence that necessity of to be parceled crop (more of one crop) of coffee; obligating search spoon a minor quantily of green fruits. The objective of this work is to determine the accepted quantily of green fruit in a model of coffee, assisting the coffee producer at to decision take about the appropriate percentage of green fruit during the crop, so that even to be a trial between crop point, percentage of green fruit croped, a loss and price of coffee will can propitiate a best economical result. It was effected the total manual crop on cloth, of coffee fruits of variety Catuaí Vermelho in plants scattered by homogeneous area, which was separate handling in green fruit and mature; it was later mixtured crescent quantaty of green fruits with 5, 15, 30 and 50% in mature fruits samples. After drying the samples and in brick yard, moved at every 30 minutes. After dryness, samples were processed and was classified, observering the effect of analyse: The quantily and type of defect, the loss of weight, quantily of choice and loss in monetary value regarding such, the medium values of prices of coffee in Paraná between the harvest 96/97 till 99/2.000. As conclusion we thad: how much greater the percentage of green fruits, greater are the loss. This loss are by: 1) Weigh (green grains weight less that mature grains); 2) Depreciation on type and aspect; and 3) The loss in monetary values can vary fron 0,75% (samples with 5% of green grain) till 27,00% (samples with 50% of green grain) relation to the samples with 100% of mature fruits.
The greatest and the worst defects of coffee are related with the kind of crop and prepare, allied totue climate condition. Paraná has peculiar climate characteristics, that convey at a unequal maturation and how consequence that necessity of to be parceled crop (more of one crop) of coffee; obligating search spoon a minor quantily of green fruits. The objective of this work is to determine the accepted quantily of green fruit in a model of coffee, assisting the coffee producer at to decision take about the appropriate percentage of green fruit during the crop, so that even to be a trial between crop point, percentage of green fruit croped, a loss and price of coffee will can propitiate a best economical result. It was effected the total manual crop on cloth, of coffee fruits of variety Catuaí Vermelho in plants scattered by homogeneous area, which was separate handling in green fruit and mature; it was later mixtured crescent quantaty of green fruits with 5, 15, 30 and 50% in mature fruits samples. After drying the samples and in brick yard, moved at every 30 minutes. After dryness, samples were processed and was classified, observering the effect of analyse: The quantily and type of defect, the loss of weight, quantily of choice and loss in monetary value regarding such, the medium values of prices of coffee in Paraná between the harvest 96/97 till 99/2.000. As conclusion we thad: how much greater the percentage of green fruits, greater are the loss. This loss are by: 1) Weigh (green grains weight less that mature grains); 2) Depreciation on type and aspect; and 3) The loss in monetary values can vary fron 0,75% (samples with 5% of green grain) till 27,00% (samples with 50% of green grain) relation to the samples with 100% of mature fruits.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (2. : 2001 : Vitória, ES). Resumos. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa Café, 2001. 181p. : il.
Palavras-chave
Café Perdas na colheita, Parceled crop Green fruits Defects Loss.
Citação
Menoli Sobrinho, Nelson. Como evitar perdas na colheita de café. In: Simpósio Brasileiro de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (2. : 2001 : Vitória, ES). Anais. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa Café, 2001. (CD-ROM), p. 2593-2596.