Fungos micotoxigênicos e ocratoxina A em cafés com permanência prolongada na planta e no solo, colhidos nas regiões do cerrado mineiro e baiano
Data
2008-07
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Editor
Editora UFLA
Resumo
No Brasil, as regiões do Cerrado Mineiro e Baiano são destaque pela produtividade e qualidade dos grãos produzidos. A florada desuniforme do café no Brasil implica em frutos com diversos estágios de amadurecimento no período da colheita. Assim, frutos não colhidos oportunamente permanecem na planta ou caem no solo, e quando aproveitados farão parte de uma safra de baixa qualidade. Portanto, foi objetivo deste trabalho estudar frutos de café com exposição prolongada na planta e no solo, avaliando a colonização por fungos micotoxigênicos, a produção de ocratoxina A (OTA) e a dinâmica de umidade e atividade de água nos frutos nessas regiões produtoras. O café com permanência prolongada na planta não apresentou grandes variações nos teores de umidade e atividade de água durante os 120 dias estudados. Entretanto, o café com permanência prolongada no solo, apresentou, após 90 dias, variação drástica nos teores de umidade e atividade de água entre as regiões estudadas. Nesse período, a umidade e atividade de água foram de 14,15% e 0,74, 6,64% e 0,63 para o Cerrado Mineiro e Baiano, respectivamente. Apesar do café com permanência prolongada na planta ter sido intensamente colonizado por Aspergillus ochraceus G. Wilh. (1877), não foi detectada a presença de OTA. No café com permanência prolongada no solo detectaram-se níveis muito elevados, 49,42 e 30,93 μg.kg-1 de OTA, no Cerrado Mineiro e Baiano, respectivamente. Pode-se constatar que independente da região de interesse, cafés com permanência prolongada na planta ou no solo interferem decisivamente na qualidade do café colhido.
In Brazil, the regions called Cerrado in Minas Gerais and Bahia states are expressive coffee producers and stand out for productivity and quality of grain produced. The bloom unevenness of coffee in Brazil leads to fruit with various stages of maturity at the harvest period. As a result, some producers use low quality grains with long soil or plant contact and mix them with those of quality to compose the harvest. The objective of this work was to study coffee fruits with soil contact of up to 90 days evaluating ochratoxin A (OTA) levels, humidity dynamics and water activity in coffee fruits harvested every 30 days. The coffee with prolonged stay on the plant, showed no major variations in humidity and water activity levels during the 120 days studied. However, in coffee with prolonged stay on the soil, after 90 days, the humidity and water activity levels varied dramatically according each region. During this period, the humidity and water activity were 14.15 and 0.74%, 6.64% and 0.63 for the Cerrado Mineiro and Baiano, respectively. Despite the coffee with prolonged stay in the plant having been heavily colonized by Aspergillus ochraceus G. Wilh. (1877), OTA contamination was not detected, but in coffees with prolonged stay on the soil, high levels of OTA were observed, 49.42 and 30.93μg.kg -1, for the Cerrado Mineiro and Baiano, respectively. There was OTA production even in the grains with low water activity, indicating how the complexity of the system in the field interferes with the micotoxigenic dynamic fungi growth and consequently in OTA production.
In Brazil, the regions called Cerrado in Minas Gerais and Bahia states are expressive coffee producers and stand out for productivity and quality of grain produced. The bloom unevenness of coffee in Brazil leads to fruit with various stages of maturity at the harvest period. As a result, some producers use low quality grains with long soil or plant contact and mix them with those of quality to compose the harvest. The objective of this work was to study coffee fruits with soil contact of up to 90 days evaluating ochratoxin A (OTA) levels, humidity dynamics and water activity in coffee fruits harvested every 30 days. The coffee with prolonged stay on the plant, showed no major variations in humidity and water activity levels during the 120 days studied. However, in coffee with prolonged stay on the soil, after 90 days, the humidity and water activity levels varied dramatically according each region. During this period, the humidity and water activity were 14.15 and 0.74%, 6.64% and 0.63 for the Cerrado Mineiro and Baiano, respectively. Despite the coffee with prolonged stay in the plant having been heavily colonized by Aspergillus ochraceus G. Wilh. (1877), OTA contamination was not detected, but in coffees with prolonged stay on the soil, high levels of OTA were observed, 49.42 and 30.93μg.kg -1, for the Cerrado Mineiro and Baiano, respectively. There was OTA production even in the grains with low water activity, indicating how the complexity of the system in the field interferes with the micotoxigenic dynamic fungi growth and consequently in OTA production.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica, Micotoxina, Cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, Atividade de água, Umidade
Citação
CAMPOS, R. S. et al. Fungos micotoxigênicos e ocratoxina A em cafés com permanência prolongada na planta e no solo, colhidos nas regiões do cerrado mineiro e baiano. Coffee Science, Lavras,v. 4, n. 2, p. 136-148, jul./dez. 2009.