Variabilidade espacial da matéria orgânica em um latossolo vermelho-amarelo sob cafeeiro Conilon
Data
2010
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade espacial do carbono orgânico total e do carbono orgânico das substâncias húmicas em um Latossolo sob cafeeiro conilon em relevo ondulado, em diferentes épocas de amostragem. O estudo foi realizado em uma área pertencente ao Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (INCAPER), localizada no distrito de Pacotuba, município de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, sul do estado do Espírito Santo. O experimento foi instalado em uma área sob um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico, na cultura de café conilon (Coffea canephora). Dentro da região selecionada foram demarcados pontos de amostragens em uma grade irregular, definidos como células, dentro de uma área de aproximadamente 6.000 m 2 . Cada célula amostral foi composta de cinco plantas de café compondo uma área de 13,05 m 2 . A malha amostral foi composta de 109 pontos espaçados de forma irregular. A amostragem dos atributos do solo foi realizada em duas épocas distintas de acordo com a pluviosidade. A amostragem referente à primeira coleta de dados foi realizada na primeira quinzena de janeiro de 2009, nas profundidades de 0-10 e 10-20 cm, período este com maior índice pluviométrico. Já a amostragem referente à segunda coleta foi realizada na primeira quinzena de janeiro de 2010, período com baixo índice pluviométrico. Foram determinados o carbono orgânico total, carbono das substâncias húmicas e calculados o estoque de carbono. Realizou-se uma análise aplicando a estatística descritiva, com a comparação das médias pelo teste t- Student. A análise geoestatística foi aplicada para avaliar o grau de dependência espacial dos atributos relacionados à matéria orgânica a partir do ajuste de semivariogramas teóricos aos semivariogramas experimentais. Os mapas de distribuição espacial foram confeccionados através da krigagem ordinária para os atributos que apresentaram dependência espacial. Os resultados apontam diferença significativa entre as épocas de amostragem, com a presença de maiores valores na segunda época de amostragem. O manejo adotado e o tempo entre a primeira e a segunda coleta influenciaram na presença de maiores teores dos atributos relacionados à matéria orgânica na segunda época de amostragem, com exceção do AF e AH na profundidade de 10-20 cm. A análise da variabilidade espacial em conjunto com a krigagem ordinária, possibilitou o mapeamento da variabilidade espacial dos atributos relacionados à matéria orgânica nas duas profundidades e épocas de amostragem, proporcionando melhor visualização do comportamento dos atributos em estudo. A análise da variabilidade espacial mostrou que o relevo e a época de amostragem influenciaram na distribuição espacial das frações das substâncias húmicas.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of total organic carbon and organic carbon of humic substances in an Oxisol under conilon coffee in plains, which were planted in different periods of time. The study was conducted in an area which belongs to Espírito Santo State Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (INCAPER), located in Pacotuba, a district of Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, south of Espirito Santo. The experiment was settled in plain areas, under a Red- Yellow Dystrophic Latosol in conilon coffee crop (Coffea canephora). In the region selected soil sampling sites were marked in an irregular grid, defined as cells in an area of about 6,000 m2. The boundary line was accomplished by stacking five plants of the cell sample. The coordinates of each sample point were acquired by a topographic GPS, the GTR-1. Each cell sample was composed by five coffee plants which sets an area of 13.05 m2. The sampling grid of 109 points counted was spaced irregularly. The soil samples properties were performed at two different times according to rainfall. The first data collection was performed in the first half of January 2009, at 0-10 and 10-20 cm, a period with higher rainfall. And the second collection was done in the second half of January 2010, a period with low rainfall. It was possible to determine the total organic carbon, carbon of humic substances and carbon stocks. A qualitative analysis was conducted by applying descriptive statistics, comparing the averages got using the t-Student test. The geostatistical analysis was applied to quantify the degree of spatial dependency of attributes related to organic matter from the adjustment of theoretical functions to experimental semivariograms. The spatial distribution maps were made using ordinary kriging for the attributes that showed spatial dependence. The analysis of attributes related to organic material has observed significant differences between depths for all attributes studied, when the outliers are removed, and the highest levels of attributes were found for the 0-10 cm depth. The results indicate significant differences between sampling times, with the presence of higher values in the second sampling time. The management adopted and the time between the first and second collection influenced the presence of higher levels of the attributes related to organic material in the second sampling time. The geostatistical analysis in conjunction with ordinary kriging, allowed the mapping of the spatial variability of attributes related to organic material at two depths and sampling times, providing better ways to analyze the behavior of the attributes studied. The analysis showed that spatial variability in relief and sampling time influenced the spatial distribution of components of organic matter. The influence of relief on the horizontal movement of the attributes related to organic material was higher for the first sampling time.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of total organic carbon and organic carbon of humic substances in an Oxisol under conilon coffee in plains, which were planted in different periods of time. The study was conducted in an area which belongs to Espírito Santo State Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (INCAPER), located in Pacotuba, a district of Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, south of Espirito Santo. The experiment was settled in plain areas, under a Red- Yellow Dystrophic Latosol in conilon coffee crop (Coffea canephora). In the region selected soil sampling sites were marked in an irregular grid, defined as cells in an area of about 6,000 m2. The boundary line was accomplished by stacking five plants of the cell sample. The coordinates of each sample point were acquired by a topographic GPS, the GTR-1. Each cell sample was composed by five coffee plants which sets an area of 13.05 m2. The sampling grid of 109 points counted was spaced irregularly. The soil samples properties were performed at two different times according to rainfall. The first data collection was performed in the first half of January 2009, at 0-10 and 10-20 cm, a period with higher rainfall. And the second collection was done in the second half of January 2010, a period with low rainfall. It was possible to determine the total organic carbon, carbon of humic substances and carbon stocks. A qualitative analysis was conducted by applying descriptive statistics, comparing the averages got using the t-Student test. The geostatistical analysis was applied to quantify the degree of spatial dependency of attributes related to organic matter from the adjustment of theoretical functions to experimental semivariograms. The spatial distribution maps were made using ordinary kriging for the attributes that showed spatial dependence. The analysis of attributes related to organic material has observed significant differences between depths for all attributes studied, when the outliers are removed, and the highest levels of attributes were found for the 0-10 cm depth. The results indicate significant differences between sampling times, with the presence of higher values in the second sampling time. The management adopted and the time between the first and second collection influenced the presence of higher levels of the attributes related to organic material in the second sampling time. The geostatistical analysis in conjunction with ordinary kriging, allowed the mapping of the spatial variability of attributes related to organic material at two depths and sampling times, providing better ways to analyze the behavior of the attributes studied. The analysis showed that spatial variability in relief and sampling time influenced the spatial distribution of components of organic matter. The influence of relief on the horizontal movement of the attributes related to organic material was higher for the first sampling time.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo.
Palavras-chave
Geoestatística, Substâncias húmicas, Mobilidade, Relevo
Citação
SILVA, L. V. M. Variabilidade espacial da matéria orgânica em um latossolo vermelho-amarelo sob cafeeiro Conilon. 2010. 84 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Produção Vegetal) - Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre. 2010.