Compactação causada pelo manejo de plantas invasoras em latossolo vermelho-amarelo cultivado com cafeeiros
Data
2011-11
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Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Resumo
O manejo de plantas invasoras é considerado uma das principais atividades que promovem degradação da estrutura do solo em lavouras cafeeiras, devido à compactação do solo causada pelas operações de controle de plantas invasoras. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o modelo de capacidade de suporte de carga para o manejo de plantas invasoras sem capina, bem como, utilizando esse modelo, qual manejo de plantas invasoras causa menor ou maior compactação do solo. Este estudo foi realizado em um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (LVA) cultivado com cafeeiros da cutivar Topázio MG 1190 desde 2006, localizado na Fazenda Experimental da EPAMIG, na comunidade Farias, em Lavras-MG. Os manejos de plantas invasoras avaliados foram: na linha de tráfego da entrelinha – grade de discos, herbicida de pós-emergência, herbicida de pré-emergência, roçadora e trincha; e no centro da entrelinha, onde não houve tráfego – amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi), braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens), capina manual, crotalária (Crotalaria juncea) e soja (Glicine max L). A amostragem consistiu de duas etapas: uma para determinar o modelo de capacidade de suporte de carga para o manejo de plantas invasoras sem capina; e outra para avaliar a compactação promovida pelos outros manejos de plantas invasoras. A fim de determinar o modelo de capacidade de suporte de carga para o manejo sem capina, foram coletadas no centro da entrelinha 20 amostras com estrutura indeformada nas profundidades de 0–3, 10–13 e 25–28 cm, totalizando 60 amostras. Essas amostras foram submetidas ao ensaio de compressão uniaxial para obter as pressões de pré-consolidação e as umidades volumétricas, que foram usadas para determinar o modelo de capacidade de suporte de carga. Para determinar a compactação causada pelos manejos de plantas invasoras, realizados por meio do controle mecânico, foram coletadas em janeiro de 2010, nas linhas de tráfego das entrelinhas, 180 amostras com estrutura indeformada (5 manejos x 3 profundidades x 12 amostras de solo com estrutura indeformada); para os manejos de plantas invasoras realizados com o uso de plantas de cobertura, foram coletadas em janeiro de 2010, no centro das entrelinhas, 180 amostras com estrutura indeformada (5 manejos x 3 profundidades x 12 amostras de solo com estrutura indeformada). Essas amostras foram submetidas ao ensaio de compressão uniaxial, a fim de obter as pressões de pré-consolidação e as umidades volumétricas após a implantação dos manejos de plantas invasoras, e usadas nos critérios propostos por Dias Junior et al. (2005) para determinar a compactação causada por esses manejos. O uso dos modelos de capacidade de suporte de carga e das pressões de pré-consolidação determinadas após a implantação dos manejos de plantas invasoras permitiu identificar os manejos grade de discos, roçadora e trincha como os que promoveram maior compactação; os manejos braquiária, crotalária e soja foram os que causaram menor compactação nas três profundidades estudadas.
Weed management is considered one of the activities that degrade the soil structure most in coffee crops, due to the soil compaction caused by weed control operations. The objective of this study was to determine the bearing capacity models for no weed control and to use this model to determine which weed management causes smaller or greater soil compaction. The study was conducted on a Red-Yellow Latosol (LVA), under coffee (variety Topazio MG 1190), on the Experimental Farm of EPAMIG in the community Farias, Lavras-MG (latitude 21°14’43" S, longitude 44°59’59" W). The following weed managements were assessed: a) in the traffic line of the inter-rows – disc harrow, post-emergence herbicide, pre-emergence herbicide, mower and brush and b) in the center of the inter-rows – peanut (Arachis pintoi), braquiaria (Brachiaria decumbens), hand weeding, sunhemp (Crotalaria juncea) and soybean (Glycine max L). The sampling consisted of two stages, one to determine the bearing capacity models for the treatment no weeding and another to assess the compaction caused by the other weed management. To determine the bearing capacity model for the treatment no weeding, 20 undisturbed soil samples from the layers 0–3, 10–13 and 25–28 cm were collected in the middle of the inter-rows, totaling 60 samples. These samples were subjected to the uniaxial compression test to obtain the preconsolidation pressure and the volumetric water content, which were used to determine the bearing capacity model. To determine the compaction caused by the other weed managements, based on mechanical control, 180 samples with undisturbed structure were collected in January 2010 from the traffic lines of the inter-rows, (5 weed management x 3 depths x 12 soil samples with undisturbed structure). For the weed managements using cover crops, in January 2010, 180 samples with undisturbed structure (5 weed management x 3 depths x 12 soil samples with undisturbed structure) were collected from the middle of the inter-rows These samples were submitted to the uniaxial compression test to determine preconsolidation pressure and the volumetric water content after applying the weed managements and were used in the criteria proposed by Dias Junior et al. (2005) to determine the compaction caused by these managements. By the bearing capacity models and the preconsolidation pressure determined after implementing the weed managements, the treatments disc harrow, mower and brush were detected for causing greatest soil compaction and braquiaria, sunhemp and soybean as causing least compaction in the three studied layers.
Weed management is considered one of the activities that degrade the soil structure most in coffee crops, due to the soil compaction caused by weed control operations. The objective of this study was to determine the bearing capacity models for no weed control and to use this model to determine which weed management causes smaller or greater soil compaction. The study was conducted on a Red-Yellow Latosol (LVA), under coffee (variety Topazio MG 1190), on the Experimental Farm of EPAMIG in the community Farias, Lavras-MG (latitude 21°14’43" S, longitude 44°59’59" W). The following weed managements were assessed: a) in the traffic line of the inter-rows – disc harrow, post-emergence herbicide, pre-emergence herbicide, mower and brush and b) in the center of the inter-rows – peanut (Arachis pintoi), braquiaria (Brachiaria decumbens), hand weeding, sunhemp (Crotalaria juncea) and soybean (Glycine max L). The sampling consisted of two stages, one to determine the bearing capacity models for the treatment no weeding and another to assess the compaction caused by the other weed management. To determine the bearing capacity model for the treatment no weeding, 20 undisturbed soil samples from the layers 0–3, 10–13 and 25–28 cm were collected in the middle of the inter-rows, totaling 60 samples. These samples were subjected to the uniaxial compression test to obtain the preconsolidation pressure and the volumetric water content, which were used to determine the bearing capacity model. To determine the compaction caused by the other weed managements, based on mechanical control, 180 samples with undisturbed structure were collected in January 2010 from the traffic lines of the inter-rows, (5 weed management x 3 depths x 12 soil samples with undisturbed structure). For the weed managements using cover crops, in January 2010, 180 samples with undisturbed structure (5 weed management x 3 depths x 12 soil samples with undisturbed structure) were collected from the middle of the inter-rows These samples were submitted to the uniaxial compression test to determine preconsolidation pressure and the volumetric water content after applying the weed managements and were used in the criteria proposed by Dias Junior et al. (2005) to determine the compaction caused by these managements. By the bearing capacity models and the preconsolidation pressure determined after implementing the weed managements, the treatments disc harrow, mower and brush were detected for causing greatest soil compaction and braquiaria, sunhemp and soybean as causing least compaction in the three studied layers.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Sustentabilidade, Pressão de pré-consolidação, Modelagem da capacidade de suporte de carga, Coffea arabica L.
Citação
PAIS, P. S. M. et al. Compactação causada pelo manejo de plantas invasoras em latossolo vermelho-amarelo cultivado com cafeeiros. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Viçosa, v. 35, n. 6, p. 1949-1957, 2011.