Estoques de carbono e nitrogênio e densidade do solo em sistemas de adubação orgânica de café conilon
Data
2015-09
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Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Resumo
A produção de café conilon em sistemas de manejo orgânico tem aumentado no Estado do Espírito Santo. Porém, faltam informações sobre o impacto desse manejo sobre os estoques de carbono e nitrogênio do solo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da adubação orgânica sobre os estoques de C e N e a densidade do solo (Ds) em agrossistema de café conilon. O experimento foi implantado em lavoura localizada no município de Linhares, ES, no delineamento em blocos casualizados com distribuição fatorial 2 × 2 × 5, com três repetições, sendo os fatores: dois compostos orgânicos; presença e ausência da leguminosa feijão-de-porco nas entrelinhas; e cinco proporções de cada composto em substituição à adubação mineral recomendada (0; 25; 50; 75; e 100 %). Cada repetição foi formada por amostragem de solo sob a copa de uma planta em parcela com 30 cafeeiros. Os compostos foram: composto 1, preparado com capim-elefante e palha de café na proporção 1:1 (v:v); e composto 2, preparado com capim-elefante, palha de café e cama de frango na proporção 2:1:1 (v:v:v). As coletas de solo foram realizadas 240 dias após a adubação (240DAPA) do 1o ano agrícola e aos 30 dias após a 1a etapa da adubação (30DAPA) do 2o ano agrícola. O uso de composto na adubação do cafeeiro acarretou redução da Ds de aproximadamente 13 %. O incremento das proporções de compostos na adubação aumentou o teor e o estoque de C e N do solo aos 30DAPA do 2o ano agrícola. Houve acréscimos de 11 e 0,4 Mg ha -1 para o estoque de C e N, respectivamente, para cafeeiros adubados com 100 % de composto 1, em relação à adubação mineral. A adubação com composto é alternativa para aumentar os estoques de C e N no agrossistema de conilon.
Production of Conilon coffee under organic management systems has increased in the State of Espirito Santo, Brazil. However, information is lacking in regard to the impact of these management practices on soil carbon and nitrogen stocks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic fertilization on C and N stocks and soil bulk density (Bd) in a Conilon coffee agrosystem. A field experiment was carried out in Linhares, ES, in a randomized block design in a 2 × 2 × 5 factorial arrangement, with three replications. The factors were: two organic composts; presence and absence of the jackbean legume between the rows; and five different proportions of each organic compost (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 %) to substitute the recommended mineral fertilization. Each replicate consisted of 30 coffee plants. Soil samples were collected under the canopy of each plant. The organic composts were compound 1, prepared from elephant grass and coffee straw in a 1:1 ratio (v:v); and compound 2, prepared from elephant grass, coffee straw, and chicken litter in a 2:1:1 ratio (v:v:v). Soil samples were taken 240 days after fertilization (240DAF) in the 1 st crop year and 30 days after the 1 st stage of fertilization (30DAF) in the 2 nd crop year. The use of organic compounds to fertilize coffee led to a decrease in Bd of approximately 13 %. The increase in the proportion of organic compounds in fertilization increased the content and stock of C and N in the soil at 30 days after fertilization in the 2 nd crop year. There were increases of 11 and 0.4 Mg ha -1 for the stock of C and N, respectively, for coffee plants fertilized with 100 % of compound 1, in relation to mineral fertilization. Fertilization with organic compounds is an alternative for increasing C and N stocks in agrosystems of conilon coffee.
Production of Conilon coffee under organic management systems has increased in the State of Espirito Santo, Brazil. However, information is lacking in regard to the impact of these management practices on soil carbon and nitrogen stocks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic fertilization on C and N stocks and soil bulk density (Bd) in a Conilon coffee agrosystem. A field experiment was carried out in Linhares, ES, in a randomized block design in a 2 × 2 × 5 factorial arrangement, with three replications. The factors were: two organic composts; presence and absence of the jackbean legume between the rows; and five different proportions of each organic compost (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 %) to substitute the recommended mineral fertilization. Each replicate consisted of 30 coffee plants. Soil samples were collected under the canopy of each plant. The organic composts were compound 1, prepared from elephant grass and coffee straw in a 1:1 ratio (v:v); and compound 2, prepared from elephant grass, coffee straw, and chicken litter in a 2:1:1 ratio (v:v:v). Soil samples were taken 240 days after fertilization (240DAF) in the 1 st crop year and 30 days after the 1 st stage of fertilization (30DAF) in the 2 nd crop year. The use of organic compounds to fertilize coffee led to a decrease in Bd of approximately 13 %. The increase in the proportion of organic compounds in fertilization increased the content and stock of C and N in the soil at 30 days after fertilization in the 2 nd crop year. There were increases of 11 and 0.4 Mg ha -1 for the stock of C and N, respectively, for coffee plants fertilized with 100 % of compound 1, in relation to mineral fertilization. Fertilization with organic compounds is an alternative for increasing C and N stocks in agrosystems of conilon coffee.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Compostagem, Argissolo, Relação C/N
Citação
SILVA, V. M. et al. Estoques de carbono e nitrogênio e densidade do solo em sistemas de adubação orgânica de café conilon. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Viçosa, v. 39, n. 5, p. 1436-1444, 2015.