Microclima e características fisiológicas do cafeeiro conilon, consorciado com seringueira e bananeira
Data
2013-02-26
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Existem poucos estudos de café consorciado com seringueiras e bananeiras, com isso estudos sobre café sombreado são importantes para uma melhor compreensão dos sistemas. Objetivou-se estudar o efeito do consórcio com bananeiras e com seringueira em cafeeiro Conilon, fazendo uma caracterização microclimatológica. O presente trabalho foi realizado em três lavouras; 1) cafeeiro Conilon (Coffea canephora), plantado no final de 2006, consorciado com seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis), plantada no final de 2007, a seringueira esta plantada em fileira dupla (33m X 3m), com 2,3m entre plantas, o café com espaçamento de 3m X 1m. 2) café Conilon, a pleno sol plantado no final de 2006 com espaçamentos de 3,0 X 1,1 e outra lavoura de café consorciada com seringueira com os seguintes espaçamentos 2,6 X 1,3 e 7,8 X 2,3m. 3) café Conilon consorciado com bananeira (Musa sapientum subgrupo Terra) com espaçamentos de 3,5 x 1,2 e 1,5 x 10,5 com 1 ano de idade. As lavouras foram plantadas no sentido leste oeste. Foram medidos a radiação solar, temperatura e umidade relativa do ar em janeiro (verão) e setembro (inverno) de 2012. Realizou-se também avaliação da concentração de nutrientes foliares, medição dos internódios dos ramos plagiotrópicos e ortotrópicos, área foliar e estimação do teor de clorofila a, b e total dos cafeeiros, no verão e no inverno de 2012. O sombreamento influenciou diretamente no microclima, reduzindo a luminosidade, temperatura no verão e no inverno e aumento da umidade relativa. Os ramos e a área foliar sofreram influencia do sombreamento, ocorrendo o maior estiolamento de ramos e área foliar nas lavouras sombreadas. Os macro e micro nutrientes foliares foram influenciados pelo sombreamento, apresentando maiores valores na lavoura sombreada com seringueira para Fe e Mn. Os teores estimados de clorofila b e total foram maiores a pleno sol no verão e no inverno.
There are few studies of coffee intercropped with banana and rubber trees, thus shaded coffee studies are important for a better understanding of the systems. The objective was to study the effect of intercropping with banana and rubber trees in coffee Conilon, making a micro-climatological characterization. This study was conducted in three fields: 1) Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora), planted in late 2006, intercropped with syringe (Hevea brasiliensis) planted in late 2007, this syringe planted in double rows (33m x 3m) , with 2.3 m between plants, coffee with spacing of 3m X 1m. 2) Conilon coffee, planted in full sun in late 2006 with a spacing of 3.0 X 1.1 and another coffee plantation intercropped with syringe with the following spacings 2.6 and 7.8 X 1.3 X 2.3 m . 3) Conilon coffee intercropped with banana (Musa sapientum subgroup Earth) with a spacing of 3.5 x 1.2 and 1.5 x 10.5 with 1 year of age. The crops were planted in east west direction. We measured solar radiation, temperature and relative humidity in January (summer) and September (winter) 2012. We also conducted evaluation of leaf nutrient content, measurement of primary branches and internodes of orthotropic, leaf area and estimation of chlorophyll a, b and total trees in the summer and winter of 2012. The shading directly influence the micro-climate, reducing solar radiation, temperature in summer and winter and increased humidity. The branches and leaf area suffered influences of shading, the largest occurring shading of branches and leaf area in plantations shaded. The macro and micro nutrients were influenced by leaf shading, showing higher values in shaded plantations with rubber for Fe and Mn. The levels of chlorophyll b and total estimated were higher in full sun in summer and winter.
There are few studies of coffee intercropped with banana and rubber trees, thus shaded coffee studies are important for a better understanding of the systems. The objective was to study the effect of intercropping with banana and rubber trees in coffee Conilon, making a micro-climatological characterization. This study was conducted in three fields: 1) Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora), planted in late 2006, intercropped with syringe (Hevea brasiliensis) planted in late 2007, this syringe planted in double rows (33m x 3m) , with 2.3 m between plants, coffee with spacing of 3m X 1m. 2) Conilon coffee, planted in full sun in late 2006 with a spacing of 3.0 X 1.1 and another coffee plantation intercropped with syringe with the following spacings 2.6 and 7.8 X 1.3 X 2.3 m . 3) Conilon coffee intercropped with banana (Musa sapientum subgroup Earth) with a spacing of 3.5 x 1.2 and 1.5 x 10.5 with 1 year of age. The crops were planted in east west direction. We measured solar radiation, temperature and relative humidity in January (summer) and September (winter) 2012. We also conducted evaluation of leaf nutrient content, measurement of primary branches and internodes of orthotropic, leaf area and estimation of chlorophyll a, b and total trees in the summer and winter of 2012. The shading directly influence the micro-climate, reducing solar radiation, temperature in summer and winter and increased humidity. The branches and leaf area suffered influences of shading, the largest occurring shading of branches and leaf area in plantations shaded. The macro and micro nutrients were influenced by leaf shading, showing higher values in shaded plantations with rubber for Fe and Mn. The levels of chlorophyll b and total estimated were higher in full sun in summer and winter.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo.
Palavras-chave
Nutrientes, Clorofila, Efeito da luz, Efeito da sombra, Café conilon
Citação
ARAÚJO, A. V. Microclima e características fisiológicas do cafeeiro conilon, consorciado com seringueira e bananeira. 2013. 112 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agricultura Tropical) - Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, São Mateus. 2013.