Estudo comparativo da ação antioxidante dos ácidos cafeico e clorogênico em sistemas modelo in vitro
Data
2012-02-29
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UNB - Universidade de Brasília
Resumo
A principal fonte de ácidos clorogênicos na dieta ocidental é o café. No entanto, algumas outras bebidas de consumo regional, como o chimarrão constituem as principais fontes dietéticas desses compostos na dieta. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a capacidade antioxidante dos ácidos cafeico (CAF) e clorogênico (CLA - ácido 5-O-cafeoilquínico) em sistemas modelo in vitro, sendo este dividido em três capítulos. No primeiro, investigamos o mecanismo antioxidante do CAF contra formação de oxirradicais (utilizando 2-desoxirribose como detector) em sistemas contendo FeIII-EDTA (ou FeIII-citrato) e ascorbato. No segundo capítulo foi examinado o mecanismo antioxidante do CAF e CLA contra formação de oxirradicais em sistemas contendo íons Cu2+ e ascorbato. No terceiro capitulo de resultados, foi avaliado – por meio de ressonância paramagnética eletrônica - o potencial antiperoxidante do CAF e CLA em sistema lipofílico na presença de um azo composto hidrossolúvel 2’-2’-azobis 2-amidino propano hidrocloreto (AAPH). No primeiro capitulo, verificou-se que o CAF apresentou uma reduzida capacidade antioxidante em todos os métodos e condições testadas. Os resultados – analisados de uma forma global - também sugeriram que a atividade antioxidante do CAF se deve a sua habilidade de remover íons Fe2+ do EDTA ou citrato, formando um complexo com o CAF que inibe a sequencia de reações que leva a formação de oxirradicais. No segundo capítulo, os resultados mostraram que em sistemas aquosos, no qual se tem a 2-desoxirribose e o ácido tereftálico como alvo radicalar, tanto o CAF como o CLA apresentam comportamento hibrido de ação antioxidante, atuando tanto como complexantes de Cu2+ como sequestradores de radicais hidroxil. Analisamos também a ação do CAF e CLA por meio experimentos de ressonância paramagnética eletrônica para verificar a formação de radical ascorbila mediados por FeIII-EDTA e Cu2+. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que tanto o CAF e CLA não inteferem na formação de radicais ascorbila. No terceiro capitulo os ensaios de peroxidação lipídica em membranas de eritrócitos demonstraram que tanto o CAF como o CLA apresentaram atividade antioxidante equiparando-se a antioxidantes apolares como o butil-hidroxi-anisol (BHA) e o butil-hidroxi-tolueno (BHT). Os resultados expostos neste trabalho demonstram que o CAF e CLA possuem pequena capacidade antioxidante em sistemas aquosos. Além disso, dependendo do metal utilizado para catalisar a formação de oxirradicais, os compostos apresentaram diferentes mecanismos antioxidantes – seja quelante e/ou seqüestrador de hidroxil. Em sistemas lipofílicos, o CFA e CLA se equiparam a potentes antioxidantes lipofílicos (BHT e BHA). Os resultados desse trabalho ajudaram a entender mais os mecanismos antioxidantes do CAF e CLA em sistemas modelo. Tais resultados não podem ser ainda aplicados para condições in vivo e não servem de recomendação (ou não) para o uso do café como fonte de antioxidantes funcionais para o ser humano.
The main source of chlorogenics acids in occidental diet is coffee. Although, others beverages of regional consume, as the mate (chimarrão), are also main dietetic sources of these diet compounds. The objective of this research is to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of caffeic acid (CAF) and chlorogenic acid (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid - CLA) in “in vitro” systems models, which was divided in three chapters. Firstly, we investigated the CAF antioxidant mechanism against oxyradical formation (using 2-deoxyribose as detector) mediated by FeIII-EDTA (or FeIII -citrate) and ascorbate. In the second chapter, it was examined the antioxidant mechanism of CFA and CLA and CFA against the oxyrradical formation in systems containing Cu²+ ions and ascorbate. And finally, in the last chapter of results, it was studied – by electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) – the anti-peroxidation potential of CLA and CFA in a lipophilic system under the action of a free radical generator, the hydrosoluble compound 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH). In the first chapter, it was verified that CAF showed a reduced antioxidant capacity in all conditions. The results – analyzed in a global form – also suggested that the antioxidant activity of CAF is related to its ability of removing Fe²+ from EDTA or citrate (and not ferric ions), forming a complex with CAF that inhibits the sequence of reaction leading to hydroxyl radical formation. In the second chapter the results showed that in aqueous media having 2-deoxyribose and terephthalic acid as radical targets, both CAF and CLA have a hybrid antioxidant behavior, acting both as Cu²+ chelators and hydroxyl scavengers. We also analyzed (in chapters 1 and 2) the effect of CAF and CLA (by EPR) on the formation of ascorbyl radical mediated by FeIII- EDTA and Cu²+. Both compounds had no effect on the rate of ascorbyl formation. In the lipid peroxidation assay in erythrocyte membranes (chapter 3) we observed that both CAF and CLA presented potent antioxidant activity, similar to hydrophobic antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). In conclusion, our results indicated that CAF and CLA have limited antioxidant capacity in aqueous systems. Moreover, depending on the metal utilized to catalyze oxyrradical formation, the compounds presented distinct antioxidant mechanisms: metal chelating activity and/or hydroxyl scavengers. In opposition to aqueous systems, in lipophylic systems CLA and CFA showed high antioxidant potentials. The results from this research have contributed to understand more about the antioxidant mechanisms of CAF and CLA in “in vitro” systems. These results, however, cannot be applied for "in vivo" conditions and also cannot be used as recommendation for coffee use as source of potentially functional antioxidants for humans.
The main source of chlorogenics acids in occidental diet is coffee. Although, others beverages of regional consume, as the mate (chimarrão), are also main dietetic sources of these diet compounds. The objective of this research is to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of caffeic acid (CAF) and chlorogenic acid (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid - CLA) in “in vitro” systems models, which was divided in three chapters. Firstly, we investigated the CAF antioxidant mechanism against oxyradical formation (using 2-deoxyribose as detector) mediated by FeIII-EDTA (or FeIII -citrate) and ascorbate. In the second chapter, it was examined the antioxidant mechanism of CFA and CLA and CFA against the oxyrradical formation in systems containing Cu²+ ions and ascorbate. And finally, in the last chapter of results, it was studied – by electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) – the anti-peroxidation potential of CLA and CFA in a lipophilic system under the action of a free radical generator, the hydrosoluble compound 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH). In the first chapter, it was verified that CAF showed a reduced antioxidant capacity in all conditions. The results – analyzed in a global form – also suggested that the antioxidant activity of CAF is related to its ability of removing Fe²+ from EDTA or citrate (and not ferric ions), forming a complex with CAF that inhibits the sequence of reaction leading to hydroxyl radical formation. In the second chapter the results showed that in aqueous media having 2-deoxyribose and terephthalic acid as radical targets, both CAF and CLA have a hybrid antioxidant behavior, acting both as Cu²+ chelators and hydroxyl scavengers. We also analyzed (in chapters 1 and 2) the effect of CAF and CLA (by EPR) on the formation of ascorbyl radical mediated by FeIII- EDTA and Cu²+. Both compounds had no effect on the rate of ascorbyl formation. In the lipid peroxidation assay in erythrocyte membranes (chapter 3) we observed that both CAF and CLA presented potent antioxidant activity, similar to hydrophobic antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). In conclusion, our results indicated that CAF and CLA have limited antioxidant capacity in aqueous systems. Moreover, depending on the metal utilized to catalyze oxyrradical formation, the compounds presented distinct antioxidant mechanisms: metal chelating activity and/or hydroxyl scavengers. In opposition to aqueous systems, in lipophylic systems CLA and CFA showed high antioxidant potentials. The results from this research have contributed to understand more about the antioxidant mechanisms of CAF and CLA in “in vitro” systems. These results, however, cannot be applied for "in vivo" conditions and also cannot be used as recommendation for coffee use as source of potentially functional antioxidants for humans.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida no Departamento de Nutrição - Universidade de Brasília.
Palavras-chave
Café, Antioxidantes, Compostos fenólicos, metais de transição, radicais livres, peroxidação lipídica, Phenolic compounds, transition metais, free radicals, lipid peroxidation
Citação
MENDONÇA, Marcos Bürger de. Estudo comparativo da ação antioxidante dos ácidos cafeico e clorogênico em sistemas modelo in vitro. 2012. 137 f., il. Dissertação (Mestrado em Nutrição Humana)—Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2012.