Competitividade na cadeia agroindustrial do café: uma análise comparativa de acordo com a economia dos custos de transação
Data
2000-09-15
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
O presentetrabalho traz um estudo da cadeia agroindustrial do café em duas regiões de Minas Gerais, Brasil, no qual são analisados os fatores e mecanismos que os seus atores podem utilizar para desenvolver suas estratégias competitivas. Foram analisadas, ao longo da cadeia agroindustrial do café, as características básicas das transações (especificidade dos ativos, freqüência das transações, incerteza), formas de governança (mercado, hierárquica e mista) e de contratos (clássico, neoclássico e relacionai) e coordenação da cadeia, com o intuito de responder à pergunta chave: determinados esses fatores, em qual das duas regiões a cadeia do café será mais competitiva? A pesquisa realizada foi do tipo qualitativa, classificada como conclusiva por apresentar objetivos bem definidos. O objeto da pesquisa foi a cadeia agroindustrial do café em duas regiões produtoras de Minas Gerais: a região Sulde Minas (RSM) e a região do Cerrado Mineiro (RCM). Os dados foram coletados pela aplicação de questionário junto aos agentes da cadeia nas duas regiões estudadas e por levantamento de dados em bibliografia referente ao assunto. Para a análise da competitividade da cadeia agroindustrial do café (CAC) nas duas regiões utilizou se o conceito de Análise Estrutural Discreta Comparada. As variáveis estudadas foram: especificidade dos ativos (física, local, humana e dedicada relacionada à marca e temporal), freqüência das transações, forma de governança (mercado, hierarquia e híbrida), os contratos e a forma como se dá a coordenação da cadeia nas duas regiões. O resultados quanto às características básicas das transações indicaram que: a especificidade local para produtores da RSM foi considerada mais baixa em relação aos produtores da RCM e a especificidade local para torrefàdoras localizadas na RCM é mais baixa em relação às da RSM. A especificidade dos ativos físicos foi considerada alta para os dois grupos de produtores. A especificidade de local para torrefàdoras localizadas na RCM foi considerada menor em relação às localizadas na RSM. A especificidade dos ativos físicos foi considerada alta para os dois grupos de produtores e Torrefàdoras pesquisadas. A RCM apresentou maior especificidade de ativos humanos na produção do café. Torrefàdoras das duas regiões utilizam treinamento da mão-de-obra e não apresentaram diferenças quanto à especificidade em relação a esse tipo de ativo. Os ativos dedicados e temporal foramclassificados como baixos nos dois grupos de produtores e torrefàdoras na RSM e RCM. A freqüência das transações é maior na RCM para produtores e igual para torrefàdoras. A RSM apresenta maior risco para produtores. Os contratos utilizados nas duas regiões foram classificados como clássicos, neoclássicos e relacionais. A coordenação da cadeia nas duas regiões é realizada de formas distintas. Na região do cerrado mineiro a coordenação é realizada através de cooperativas, enquanto que na região sul de minas as associações são responsáveis pelo processo de coordenação. Conclui-se que a cadeia agroindustrial da RCM, apoiada em um forte sistema de associações, apresenta evidências de ser melhor coordenada, podendo ser este um fator de maior competitividade para esta região frente ao novo ambiente de mercado desregulamentado.
This work brings a study ofthe coffee agri-business chain in two regions of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in which the factors and mechanisms that its actors may use to develop in their competitive strategies are analyzed. The basic transaction characterístics (specífícity of the actives, transaction frequency, uncertainty), govemance (market, hierarchic and mixed) and contract (classic, neo-classic and relational) forms and chain coordination were analyzed, along the coffee agri- business chain, to search for an answer for the following key question: after these factors are determined, in which ofthe two regions will the coffee chain be more competitive. The research was of the qualitative type, classified as conclusive for presenting well-deflned objectives. The object ofthe research was the coffee agri-business chain in two production regions of Minas Gerais: the South region of Minas (RSM) and the Cerrado Mineiro region (RCM). The data was collected through the application of a questionnaire to the chain agents in the two regions that were studied and by data survey in bibliography referent to the subject. The Discrete Compared Structural Analysis concept was used for the analysis ofthe competitivity of the coffee agri-business chain (CAC) in the two regions. The variables that were studied were: specifícity of the actives (physical, local, human and dedicated related to the brand and temporal), transaction frequency, govemance form (market, hierarchy and hybrid), the contracts and the chain coordination form in the two regions. The results relative to basic characterístics ofthe transactions indicated that: the local specifícity of the producers of the RSM was considered lower in relation to the producers of the RCM and the local specifícity for torrefaction located in the RCM is lower in relation to the ones of the RSM. The physical active specifícity was considered high for both groups of producers. The specifícity of the physical actives was considered high for both groups of producers and torrefaction that were analyzed. The RCM presented a higher specifícity ofhuman actives in the coffee production. torrefaction of the two regions use handiwork training and did not present differences in relation to the specifícity of this type of active. The dedicated and temporal actives were classified as low in both groups of producers and torrefaction in the RSM and RCM. lhe transaction frequency is higher in the RCM for producers and is equal for the torrefaction. The RSM presents higher risks for the producers. The contracts used in both regions were classified as classics, neo-classics and relational. The chain coordination in the two regions is realized in different forms. In the Cerrado Mineiro region the coordination occurs through cooperatives, while in the South region of Minas the associations are responsible for the coordination process. ft was concluded that the agri-business chain of the RCM, supported by a strong association system, presents evidence of being better coordinated. This can be a fàctor for a higher competitivity in this region in face of the new law-less market environment.
This work brings a study ofthe coffee agri-business chain in two regions of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in which the factors and mechanisms that its actors may use to develop in their competitive strategies are analyzed. The basic transaction characterístics (specífícity of the actives, transaction frequency, uncertainty), govemance (market, hierarchic and mixed) and contract (classic, neo-classic and relational) forms and chain coordination were analyzed, along the coffee agri- business chain, to search for an answer for the following key question: after these factors are determined, in which ofthe two regions will the coffee chain be more competitive. The research was of the qualitative type, classified as conclusive for presenting well-deflned objectives. The object ofthe research was the coffee agri-business chain in two production regions of Minas Gerais: the South region of Minas (RSM) and the Cerrado Mineiro region (RCM). The data was collected through the application of a questionnaire to the chain agents in the two regions that were studied and by data survey in bibliography referent to the subject. The Discrete Compared Structural Analysis concept was used for the analysis ofthe competitivity of the coffee agri-business chain (CAC) in the two regions. The variables that were studied were: specifícity of the actives (physical, local, human and dedicated related to the brand and temporal), transaction frequency, govemance form (market, hierarchy and hybrid), the contracts and the chain coordination form in the two regions. The results relative to basic characterístics ofthe transactions indicated that: the local specifícity of the producers of the RSM was considered lower in relation to the producers of the RCM and the local specifícity for torrefaction located in the RCM is lower in relation to the ones of the RSM. The physical active specifícity was considered high for both groups of producers. The specifícity of the physical actives was considered high for both groups of producers and torrefaction that were analyzed. The RCM presented a higher specifícity ofhuman actives in the coffee production. torrefaction of the two regions use handiwork training and did not present differences in relation to the specifícity of this type of active. The dedicated and temporal actives were classified as low in both groups of producers and torrefaction in the RSM and RCM. lhe transaction frequency is higher in the RCM for producers and is equal for the torrefaction. The RSM presents higher risks for the producers. The contracts used in both regions were classified as classics, neo-classics and relational. The chain coordination in the two regions is realized in different forms. In the Cerrado Mineiro region the coordination occurs through cooperatives, while in the South region of Minas the associations are responsible for the coordination process. ft was concluded that the agri-business chain of the RCM, supported by a strong association system, presents evidence of being better coordinated. This can be a fàctor for a higher competitivity in this region in face of the new law-less market environment.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Cadeias agroindustrial, Economia, Coordenação, Competitividade
Citação
MATOS, A. K. V. M. Competitividade na cadeia agroindustrial do café: uma análise comparativa de acordo com a economia dos custos de transação. 2000. 100 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Administração Rural) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2000.