Influência da irrigação localizada sobre o desenvolvimento radicular do cafeeiro em solos de Patrocínio Minas Gerais
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Data
2005
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Resumo
O estudo do sistema radicular, sob condições naturais, é muito difícil e laborioso. No caso do cafeeiro a situação não é diferente, pois apesar de vários autores se dedicarem a este estudo, existem até hoje divergências sobre a distribuição no perfil do solo, a fisiologia e as dimensões do sistema radicular do cafeeiro. Acreditasse que a irrigação localizada pode promover uma concentração do sistema radicular no bulbo molhado, que é a faixa de solo onde se aplica a água, já que fato semelhante acontece quando a adubação é feita sempre do mesmo lado das plantas. O trabalho foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental da EPAMIG Patrocínio-MG, em cafeeiro variedade Rubi espaçamento de 3,6 metros entre linhas e 0,75 metros entre plantas, com plantio realizado em maio 1999. Avaliou-se a influência da irrigação localizada sobre o desenvolvimento e estrutura do sistema radicular do cafeeiro foram conduzidos três tratamentos, nos quais variou-se a percentagem de área molhada (PAM). Os tratamentos foram denominados T1 (não irrigados), T2 (PAM 30%) e T3 (PAM 50%. Comparando-se os perfis, observa-se que T1 apresentou maior concentração de raízes próximo ao caule, não havendo diferenças quanto a profundidade. Nos tratamentos irrigados, o sistema radicular teve uma melhor distribuição no sentido lateral.O tratamento T2 no qual a faixa molhada foi de 1,2 metro e a profundidade efetiva do sistema radicular foi 60 cm, na qual foi feito o balanço hídrico, teve uma concentração de 90% das raízes na porção do solo equivalente a faixa molhada.O tratamento T3 no qual a faixa molhada era de 1,8 metros e com a mesma profundidade efetiva de T2, 80% das raízes foram encontradas na porção do solo equivalente as faixas molhadas, mostrando que a irrigação promoveu melhores condições de desenvolvimento do sistema radicular no sentido horizontal.
The study of the root system, under natural conditions, is very difficult and laborious. In the case of the coffee plant the situation is not different, because in spite of several authors if they dedicate to this study, they exist until today divergences about the distribution in the profile of the soil, the physiology and the dimensions of the root system of the coffee plant. It believed that the located irrigation can promote a concentration of the system radicular in the wet bulb, that it is the soil strip where the water is applied, since similar fact happens when the manuring is always made on the same side of the plants. The work was accomplished in Experimental Farm of EPAMIG Patrocínio-MG, in coffee plant variety Rubi spacing of 3,6 meters among lines and 0,75 meters among plants, with planting accomplished in May 1999. The influence of the located irrigation was evaluated on the development and structure of the root system of the coffee plant treatments were driven, us which the percentage of wetted area was varied (PAM). The treatments T1 were denominated (no irrigated), T2 (PAM 30%) and T3 (PAM 50%. being Compared the profiles, it is observed that T1 presented larger concentration of roots close to the stem, not having differences as the depth. In the irrigated treatments, the root system had a better distribution in the sense lateral. O treatment T2 in which the wet strip was of 1,2 m and the depth executes of the root system was 60 cm, in the which was made the swinging hídrico, he/she had a concentration of 90% of the roots in the portion of the equivalent soil the strip wetted. O treatment T3 in which the wet strip was of 1,8 m and with the same depth it executes of T2, 80% of the roots were found in the portion of the equivalent soil the wet strips, showing that the irrigation promoted better conditions of development of the system radicular in the horizontal sense.
The study of the root system, under natural conditions, is very difficult and laborious. In the case of the coffee plant the situation is not different, because in spite of several authors if they dedicate to this study, they exist until today divergences about the distribution in the profile of the soil, the physiology and the dimensions of the root system of the coffee plant. It believed that the located irrigation can promote a concentration of the system radicular in the wet bulb, that it is the soil strip where the water is applied, since similar fact happens when the manuring is always made on the same side of the plants. The work was accomplished in Experimental Farm of EPAMIG Patrocínio-MG, in coffee plant variety Rubi spacing of 3,6 meters among lines and 0,75 meters among plants, with planting accomplished in May 1999. The influence of the located irrigation was evaluated on the development and structure of the root system of the coffee plant treatments were driven, us which the percentage of wetted area was varied (PAM). The treatments T1 were denominated (no irrigated), T2 (PAM 30%) and T3 (PAM 50%. being Compared the profiles, it is observed that T1 presented larger concentration of roots close to the stem, not having differences as the depth. In the irrigated treatments, the root system had a better distribution in the sense lateral. O treatment T2 in which the wet strip was of 1,2 m and the depth executes of the root system was 60 cm, in the which was made the swinging hídrico, he/she had a concentration of 90% of the roots in the portion of the equivalent soil the strip wetted. O treatment T3 in which the wet strip was of 1,8 m and with the same depth it executes of T2, 80% of the roots were found in the portion of the equivalent soil the wet strips, showing that the irrigation promoted better conditions of development of the system radicular in the horizontal sense.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (4. : 2005 : Londrina, PR). Anais. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa Café, 2005.
Palavras-chave
Café Sistema radicular Percentagem de área molhada, Coffee Root system Percentage of wetted area
Citação
Soares, Adilson R.; Mantovani, Everardo C.; Rena, Alemar B.; Coelho, Maurício B.; Soares, Antônio A. Influência da irrigação localizada sobre o desenvolvimento radicular do cafeeiro em solos de Patrocínio Minas Gerais. In: Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (4. : Londrina, PR : 2005). Anais. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa - Café, 2005. (1 CD-ROM), 5p.