Crescimento, metabolismo do carbono e partição de assimilados, em resposta à manipulação da razão fonte:dreno, em Coffea arabica L. sob condições de campo
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2007
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Alterações no crescimento vegetativo, nas trocas gasosas, nos parâmetros de fluorescência da clorofila a, no metabolismo de carboidratos e no particionamento do 14carbono, em resposta à manipulação da relação fonte:dreno, foram investigadas em plantas de café cultivadas em campo. Essas manipulações foram realizadas por meio de desfrutificação e desfolhamento controlados, visando-se induzir alterações na capacidade fotossintética das folhas. Os tratamentos consistiram de: (i) remoção de todos os frutos e 100% da área foliar (T1); (ii) metade da carga de frutos e 100% da área foliar (T2); e (iii) carga completa de frutos e 50% da área foliar (T3). As avaliações de crescimento foram realizadas a partir da aplicação dos tratamentos quando os frutos atingiram o estádio chumbinho, enquanto as trocas gasosas e análises fotoquímicas e metabólicas foram avaliadas durante a fase linear de ganho de massa seca dos frutos. As taxas de crescimento de ramos plagiotrópicos, do número de nós formados e do ganho de área foliar foram significativamente menores nas plantas do tratamento T3 em relação às de T1. A massa seca média dos frutos foi significativamente maior em T2 que em T3. Por outro lado, a produção de frutos-bóia por planta e a abscisão de frutos por ramo foram maiores em T3 que em T2. Além disso, plantas do tratamento T3 apresentaram valores mais negativos de composição isotópica do carbono, porém maiores taxas diárias de assimilação de carbono e condutância estomática, além de menor temperatura foliar (particularmente durante os períodos mais quentes). De modo geral, a alteração na razão fonte:dreno promoveu pouca ou nenhuma alteração (i) na atividade das enzimas do metabolismo do carbono (carboxilase/oxigenase da ribulose-1,5-bisfosfato, pirofosforilase da ADP-glicose, invertase ácida, sintase da sacarose, sintase da sacarose fosfato, bisfosfatase da frutose-1,6-bisfosfato, fosforilase do amido, desidrogenase do gliceraldeído-3-fosfato), (ii) na concentração de glicose, frutose, sacarose e amido, (iii) na concentração dos intermediários fosforilados (RuBP, glicose-6-fosfato, frutose-6-fosfato, glicose-1-fosfato e ortofosfato), assim como (iv) no partição de 14C recentemente fixado. Em conjunto, os resultados indicam que a redução na razão fonte:dreno pode afetar positivamente a fotossíntese, via aumentos na condutância estomática, porém sem alterar a fotoquímica e a bioquímica da fotossíntese durante a fase de rápido crescimento dos frutos do cafeeiro.
Changes in vegetative and reproductive growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, carbohydrate metabolism, and 14carbon partitioning in response to source/sink manipulations were investigated in field-grown coffee trees. Such manipulations were performed through controlled defruiting and defoliation in order to induce changes in leaf photosynthetic capacity. Treatments consisted of (i) complete defruiting and 100% leaf area (T1), (ii) half crop load and 100% leaf area (T2), and (iii) full crop load and 50% leaf area (T3). Growth evaluations started following treatment application when the fruits were at pinhead stage, while gas exchange, photochemical and metabolic analyses were performed during the linear phase of dry mass gain of fruits. Growth rates of plagiotropic branches, number of nodes and leaf area gain were significantly lower in T3 plants than in T1 plants. Mean fruit dry mass was significantly higher in T2 than in T3 individuals. On the other hand, production of partially-empty fruits per plant and fruit abscission per branch were higher in T3 than in T2 plants. In addition, T3 plants showed more negative values of carbon isotopic composition ratio, but higher daily carbon assimilation rate and stomatal conductance in parallel with lower leaf temperature (particularly during the warmer spells). In general, changes in source:sink ratio caused little, if any, alteration in (i) activities of enzymes linked to carbon metabolism (Rubisco, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, acid invertase, sucrose synthase, sucrose-P synthase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, starch phosphorylase, glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase), (ii) glucose, fructose, sucrose, and starch, (iii) phosphorylated intermediates (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, glucose-6-P, fructose-6-P, glucose-1-P, and orthophosphate), as well as in (iv) partitioning of newly fixed 14C. Taken together, the results suggest that decreasing source:sink ratio might positively affect photosynthesis through increases in stomatal conductance with little, if any, changes in both photochemistry and biochemistry of photosynthesis during the linear phase of dry mass gain of coffee fruits.
Changes in vegetative and reproductive growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, carbohydrate metabolism, and 14carbon partitioning in response to source/sink manipulations were investigated in field-grown coffee trees. Such manipulations were performed through controlled defruiting and defoliation in order to induce changes in leaf photosynthetic capacity. Treatments consisted of (i) complete defruiting and 100% leaf area (T1), (ii) half crop load and 100% leaf area (T2), and (iii) full crop load and 50% leaf area (T3). Growth evaluations started following treatment application when the fruits were at pinhead stage, while gas exchange, photochemical and metabolic analyses were performed during the linear phase of dry mass gain of fruits. Growth rates of plagiotropic branches, number of nodes and leaf area gain were significantly lower in T3 plants than in T1 plants. Mean fruit dry mass was significantly higher in T2 than in T3 individuals. On the other hand, production of partially-empty fruits per plant and fruit abscission per branch were higher in T3 than in T2 plants. In addition, T3 plants showed more negative values of carbon isotopic composition ratio, but higher daily carbon assimilation rate and stomatal conductance in parallel with lower leaf temperature (particularly during the warmer spells). In general, changes in source:sink ratio caused little, if any, alteration in (i) activities of enzymes linked to carbon metabolism (Rubisco, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, acid invertase, sucrose synthase, sucrose-P synthase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, starch phosphorylase, glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase), (ii) glucose, fructose, sucrose, and starch, (iii) phosphorylated intermediates (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, glucose-6-P, fructose-6-P, glucose-1-P, and orthophosphate), as well as in (iv) partitioning of newly fixed 14C. Taken together, the results suggest that decreasing source:sink ratio might positively affect photosynthesis through increases in stomatal conductance with little, if any, changes in both photochemistry and biochemistry of photosynthesis during the linear phase of dry mass gain of coffee fruits.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Palavras-chave
Café Fisiologia Fotossíntese Carbono Isótopos Coffea arabica, Coffee Physiology Photosynthesis Carbon isotopes Coffea arabica
Citação
Cunha, Roberto Lisboa. Crescimento, metabolismo do carbono e partição de assimilados, em resposta à manipulação da razão fonte:dreno, em Coffea arabica L. sob condições de campo. Viçosa : UFV, 2007. 49 fl. : il. Tese (Doutorado em Fisiologia Vegetal). Orientador: Fábio Murilo DaMatta. T 633.73 C972c 2007