Análise técnica de sistemas de irrigação por pivô central utilizados na cafeicultura irrigada do Norte do Espírito Santo e Extremo Sul da Bahia
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Data
2001
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo geral de analisar tecnicamente a cafeicultura irrigada por pivô central na região Norte do Espírito Santo e Extremo Sul da Bahia. O trabalho foi dividido em três etapas na primeira avaliou-se a uniformidade de aplicação de água de dez sistemas de irrigação por pivô central, distribuídos em seis municípios, sendo determinado o coeficiente de uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC) e o coeficiente de uniformidade de distribuição (CUD) de cada sistema. Dentre os dez pivôs avaliados, dois deles (20% dos casos), apresentaram problemas de uniformidade de aplicação de água, resultados estes que podem ser considerados satisfatórios, se considerarmos que foram avaliados pivôs com até quinze anos de uso. Em uma segunda etapa, três propriedades, dentre as dez avaliadas, foram utilizadas para estudar o manejo de irrigação adotado, analizando-se a lâmina aplicada e o momento da irrigação. Para isto foram feitas três avaliações consecutivas de manejo em cada uma destas propriedades, determinando-se a umidade do solo antes da irrigação e a lâmina aplicada pelo sistema. Em todas as propriedades avaliadas nesta etapa foram detectadas falhas no manejo de irrigação adotado, com atraso nas irrigações e lâminas aplicadas inferiores às lâminas requeridas, proporcionando elevados valores de déficit. Na terceira etapa, complementando o estudo anterior, foi feito um acompanhamento do manejo de irrigação em outras três propriedades selecionadas, durante o período de um ano, utilizando-se para isto dados meteorológicos de estações locais e o programa computacional SISDA 3.0. Foram detectadas falhas no manejo de irrigação nas três propriedades avaliadas, com déficits hídricos acentuados em importantes fases da cultura. Apesar disto as produtividades obtidas em cada propriedade foram satisfatórias, devido principalmente à boa distribuição de chuvas na região durante o período de estudo, embora a aplicação adequada da água pudesse ter elevado estas produtividades, sendo necessário, no entanto, estudos posteriores para quantificar estas perdas.
The present work was developed with the general objective of analyzing the coffee crop irrigated by central pivot in Espírito Santo North area and Extremo Sul of Bahia technically. The work was divided in three stages in the first the uniformity of application of water of ten irrigation systems it was evaluated by central pivot, distributed in six municipal districts, being determined the coefficient of uniformity of Christiansen (CUC) and the coefficient of distribution uniformity (CUD) of each system. Among the ten appraised pivots, two of them (20% of the cases), they presented problems of uniformity of application of water, results these that can be considered satisfactory, if we consider that were appraised pivots with up to fifteen years of use. In a second stage, three properties, among the ten appraised, they were used to study the adopted irrigation handling, studying the applied depth and the moment of the irrigation. For this they were made three serial evaluations of handling in each one of these properties, being determined the humidity of the soil before the irrigation and the depth applied by the system. In all the properties evaluated in this stage flaws they were detected in the adopted irrigation handling, with delay in the irrigations and depths applied inferior to the requested depths, providing high deficit values. In the third stage, complementing the previous study, it was made an accompaniment of the irrigation handling in another three selected properties, during the period of one year, being used for this meteorological data of local stations and the software SISDA 3.0. flaws were detected in the irrigation handling in the three appraised properties, with deficits of water accentuated in important phases of the culture. In spite of this the productivities obtained in each property were satisfactory, owed mainly to the good distribution of rains in the area during the study period, although the adapted application of the water could have elevated these productivities, being necessary, however, posterior studies to quantify these losses.
The present work was developed with the general objective of analyzing the coffee crop irrigated by central pivot in Espírito Santo North area and Extremo Sul of Bahia technically. The work was divided in three stages in the first the uniformity of application of water of ten irrigation systems it was evaluated by central pivot, distributed in six municipal districts, being determined the coefficient of uniformity of Christiansen (CUC) and the coefficient of distribution uniformity (CUD) of each system. Among the ten appraised pivots, two of them (20% of the cases), they presented problems of uniformity of application of water, results these that can be considered satisfactory, if we consider that were appraised pivots with up to fifteen years of use. In a second stage, three properties, among the ten appraised, they were used to study the adopted irrigation handling, studying the applied depth and the moment of the irrigation. For this they were made three serial evaluations of handling in each one of these properties, being determined the humidity of the soil before the irrigation and the depth applied by the system. In all the properties evaluated in this stage flaws they were detected in the adopted irrigation handling, with delay in the irrigations and depths applied inferior to the requested depths, providing high deficit values. In the third stage, complementing the previous study, it was made an accompaniment of the irrigation handling in another three selected properties, during the period of one year, being used for this meteorological data of local stations and the software SISDA 3.0. flaws were detected in the irrigation handling in the three appraised properties, with deficits of water accentuated in important phases of the culture. In spite of this the productivities obtained in each property were satisfactory, owed mainly to the good distribution of rains in the area during the study period, although the adapted application of the water could have elevated these productivities, being necessary, however, posterior studies to quantify these losses.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Palavras-chave
Café Irrigação por pivô central Manejo, Coffee Irrigation systems for central pivot
Citação
Sousa, Maurício Bonatto Alves de. Análise técnica de sistemas de irrigação por pivô central utilizados na cafeicultura irrigada do Norte do Espírito Santo e Extremo Sul da Bahia. Viçosa : UFV, 2001. 83p. : il. (Dissertação - mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola) Orientador: Everardo Chartuni Mantovani T 633.7387 S729a 2001