PROPRIEDADES DO SOLO EM CAFEZAIS E SUAS SUCESSÕES NO SUL DE MINAS GERAIS
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Data
2011
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Resumo
A lavoura cafeeira é caracterizada por manejo e/ou mecanização intensivos, o que pode causar efeitos ambientais deletérios, como compactação e perda de matéria orgânica do solo (MOS), de modo que é necessário buscar sistemas de manejo que minimizem tais impactos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as propriedades físicas e químicas do solo em diferentes sistemas agrícolas baseados em cafeeiro ou em sua sucessão, no Sul de Minas Gerais. Foram amostrados: 1) um sistema de cafezal solteiro, 2) sistema de cafezal consorciado com macadâmia, 3) um sistema de plantio direto de milho com 10 anos, e 4) uma mata secundária de 30 anos, todos estabelecidos em áreas previamente ocupada por cafeeiro solteiro. Solos sob todos os tratamentos foram amostrados nas profundidades 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 e 30-40 cm; sendo a lavoura cafeeira amostrada em duas posições: entrelinha e linha de plantio. Solos sob cafezais se diferenciaram quanto à posição de amostragem, ocorrendo maior acidez (provavelmente devido à adubação amoniacal) e menor teor de bases na posição linha do que na entrelinha, mas sem diferença em densidade do solo, estabilidade de agregados e teor de MOS. Entre os tratamentos, maior acidez do solo foi observada sob o cafezal+macadâmia e plantio direto. A MOS foi maior para a mata secundária a 0-5 cm, mas na profundidade 20-40 foi maior sob os cafezais, talvez devido ao preparo do solo em pré-plantio. Pelo mesmo motivo, a menor estabilidade de agregados foi observada para os cafezais em subsuperfície, enquanto a maior densidade do solo foi verificada no plantio direto a 0-5 cm. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os dois tipos de cafezal podem ser considerados manejos sustentáveis em relação à qualidade do solo.
Coffee plantations require intensive managent and/or mechanization, which can cause deleterious effects such as soil compaction and loss of soil organic matter (SOM). Thus, it is necessary to seek management systems that minimize such impacts. This study aims to evaluate soil physical and chemical properties in different cropping systems based on coffee or its succession in southern Minas Gerais. We sampled: 1) a conventional coffee plantation, 2) a coffee+macadamia agroforestry system, 3) a 10-yr no-till corn crop, and 4) a 30-yr old secondary forest, all established in areas previously occupied by conventional coffee. Soil under all treatments were sampled at depths 0- 5, 5-10, 10-20 and 30-40 cm, and coffee crops were sampled at two positions: planting row and between rows. Under coffe stands, soils in planting rows were more acidic (probably due to ammonia fertilization) and with lower base saturation than in between rows, but no differences in bulk density, aggregate stability or SOM content occurred. Among treatments, higher soil acidity was noted under coffe+macadamia and no-till corn. SOM content was higher under secondary forest at 0-5 cm, but at the 20-40 cm SOM was it was higher under both coffee stands, perhaps due to pre-planting soil preparation. Probably because of this reason, aggregate stability was lower in subsurface soils under coffee stands, whereas bulk density was significantly higher under no-till at 0-5 cm depth. Our results suggest that both coffee systems can be considered sustainable lend uses, in regard to soil quality.
Coffee plantations require intensive managent and/or mechanization, which can cause deleterious effects such as soil compaction and loss of soil organic matter (SOM). Thus, it is necessary to seek management systems that minimize such impacts. This study aims to evaluate soil physical and chemical properties in different cropping systems based on coffee or its succession in southern Minas Gerais. We sampled: 1) a conventional coffee plantation, 2) a coffee+macadamia agroforestry system, 3) a 10-yr no-till corn crop, and 4) a 30-yr old secondary forest, all established in areas previously occupied by conventional coffee. Soil under all treatments were sampled at depths 0- 5, 5-10, 10-20 and 30-40 cm, and coffee crops were sampled at two positions: planting row and between rows. Under coffe stands, soils in planting rows were more acidic (probably due to ammonia fertilization) and with lower base saturation than in between rows, but no differences in bulk density, aggregate stability or SOM content occurred. Among treatments, higher soil acidity was noted under coffe+macadamia and no-till corn. SOM content was higher under secondary forest at 0-5 cm, but at the 20-40 cm SOM was it was higher under both coffee stands, perhaps due to pre-planting soil preparation. Probably because of this reason, aggregate stability was lower in subsurface soils under coffee stands, whereas bulk density was significantly higher under no-till at 0-5 cm depth. Our results suggest that both coffee systems can be considered sustainable lend uses, in regard to soil quality.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (7. : 2011 : Araxá, MG). Anais Brasília, D.F: Embrapa - Café, 2011
Palavras-chave
cafeeiro, sistema agroflorestal, plantio direto, fertilidade do solo, compactação do solo., coffee, agroforestry system, no-till, soil fertility, soil compaction.
Citação
Cogo, Franciane Diniz; Cunha, Rodrigo da Luz; Zinn, Yuri Lopes. Propriedades do solo em cafezais e suas sucessões no sul de Minas Gerais. In: Simpósio de Pesquisa dos cafés do Brasil (7. : 2011 : Araxá, MG). Anais Brasília, D.F: Embrapa - Café, 2011 (1 CD-ROM), 6p.