Fatores determinantes do ataque de Coccus viridis ao cafeeiro
Data
2010-01-29
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A cochonilha-verde Coccus viridis Green (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccidae) é uma espécie cosmopolita, que é praga do café e outras culturas. Devido a sua importância há necessidade de se conhecer os fatores que influenciam seu ataque. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar os efeitos da fase da cultura do café, dos elementos climáticos, dos inimigos naturais e de formigas na variação sazonal de populações deste inseto praga. Para tanto foi monitorada semanalmente de 2004 a 2006 em cafeeiros em fase de formação e de produção as densidades de ninfas e adultos de C. viridis, e seus agentes potenciais de controle biológico. Verificou-se maior densidade de cochonilhas nas folhas (sobretudo na face abaxial) do que nos demais órgãos da planta. Os fatores de mortalidade de C. viridis foram: predação, parasitismo e o fungo Lecanicillium lecanii. A densidade de ninfas foi cerca de dez vezes maior do que a de adultos. A mortalidade total de C. viridis pelos agentes de controle biológico foi semelhante nos cafeeiros nas duas fases de desenvolvimento do cafeeiro. A predação foi maior nos cafeeiros em fase de formação enquanto que o parasitismo e a mortalidade causada pelo fungo L. lecanii foram maiores nos cafeeiros em fase de produção. As maiores densidades da cochonilha ocorreram na primavera quando a temperatura do ar estava aumentando. A predação de C. viridis foi maior entre a primavera e verão e em temperaturas do ar mais elevadas e os principais predadores foram larvas e adultos de Azya luteipes (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). O controle biológico pelo fungo L. lecanii e por micro-himenópteros parasitóides foi maior entre o outono e inverno, quando ocorreram menores temperaturas do ar. Verificou-se uma maior abundância de formigas nos períodos de maior densidade de C. viridis. As principais espécies de formigas observadas foram Pheidole sp., Camponotus rufipes e Crematogaster sp.
The green scale, Coccus viridis Green (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccidae), is a cosmopolitan species, which is a pest of coffee and other crops. Due to its importance it is necessary to know the factors that influence their attack. This work aimed to study the effects of stage of the crop, the climatic factors, natural enemies and ants in the seasonal variation of populations of this insect pest. For that, was monitored weekly from 2004 to 2006 on coffees in formation and production densities of nymphs and adults of C. viridis, its biological control and density of ants. A greater density of scale insects on leaves (especially on the under face) than in other organs of the plant was observed. Mortality factors of C. viridis were: predation, parasitism and fungus Lecanicillium lecanii. The density of nymphs was about ten times higher than that of adults. Overall mortality of C. viridis by biological control agents was similar for coffee plants in the two phases of development of coffee. Predation was higher in plants in formation while the parasitism and mortality caused by the fungus L. lecanii were higher in trees in production. The highest densities of green scale occurred in spring when the air temperature was increasing. Predation of C. viridis was higher in spring and summer and higher air temperatures and the main predator were larvae and adults of Azya luteipes (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Biological control by fungus L. lecanii and micro- hymenopteran parasitoids was higher in autumn and winter when air temperatures were lower. There was greater abundance of ants in the periods of greatest attack of C. viridis. The main species of ants were observed Pheidole sp., Camponotus rufipes and Crematogaster sp.
The green scale, Coccus viridis Green (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccidae), is a cosmopolitan species, which is a pest of coffee and other crops. Due to its importance it is necessary to know the factors that influence their attack. This work aimed to study the effects of stage of the crop, the climatic factors, natural enemies and ants in the seasonal variation of populations of this insect pest. For that, was monitored weekly from 2004 to 2006 on coffees in formation and production densities of nymphs and adults of C. viridis, its biological control and density of ants. A greater density of scale insects on leaves (especially on the under face) than in other organs of the plant was observed. Mortality factors of C. viridis were: predation, parasitism and fungus Lecanicillium lecanii. The density of nymphs was about ten times higher than that of adults. Overall mortality of C. viridis by biological control agents was similar for coffee plants in the two phases of development of coffee. Predation was higher in plants in formation while the parasitism and mortality caused by the fungus L. lecanii were higher in trees in production. The highest densities of green scale occurred in spring when the air temperature was increasing. Predation of C. viridis was higher in spring and summer and higher air temperatures and the main predator were larvae and adults of Azya luteipes (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Biological control by fungus L. lecanii and micro- hymenopteran parasitoids was higher in autumn and winter when air temperatures were lower. There was greater abundance of ants in the periods of greatest attack of C. viridis. The main species of ants were observed Pheidole sp., Camponotus rufipes and Crematogaster sp.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
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Citação
COUTINHO, D. C. Fatores determinantes do ataque de Coccus viridis ao cafeeiro. 2010. 29 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Entomologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG. 2010.