Fatores de mortalidade natural da cochonilha farinhenta Planococcus citri no cafeeiro
Data
2011-07-26
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O entendimento dos fatores que regulam as populações dos insetos praga é de fundamental importância na elaboração de programas de manejo integrado de pragas. As cochonilhas, sobretudo às da família Pseudococcidae, vêm alcançando o “status” de praga em muitos cultivos como no cafeeiro. Neste grupo de pragas uma das espécies mais importantes é Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Entretanto, poucos são os estudos sobre os mecanismos que regulam suas populações. Assim, neste trabalho objetivamos determinar os fatores que regulam as populações P. citri no cafeeiro usando tabelas de vida ecológicas. Para tanto, foram confeccionadas durante 50 gerações tabelas de vida ecológicas para P. citri. A população de P. citri foi mantida em equilíbrio devido a principalmente aos predadores. Os predadores de ovos e ninfas de 1o e 2o ínstares foram: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae, Diptera: Syrphidae e Diptera: Dolichopodidae e adultos e larvas de Coleoptera: Coccinelidae. Os predadores de ninfas de 3o ínstar e de adultos foram: Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), Chrysoperla steinmann (Steinmann) e Chrysoperla externa (Hagen). O estádio crítico de mortalidade de P. citri foi o de ninfas de 3o ínstar e o fator-chave de mortalidade foram os predadores H. axyridis, C. steinmann e C. externa. Portanto a população de P. citri no cafeeiro foi regulada pela predação de ninfas de 3o ínstar por estes inimigos naturais.
Understanding the factors that regulate populations of insect pests is of fundamental importance in the development of programs for integrated pest management. Scale insects, especially Pseudococcidae family, have reached the "status" in many pests in crops such as coffee plant. In one group of pests is the most important species Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). However, there are few studies on the mechanisms that regulate their populations. Thus, this study aimed to determine the factors that regulate P. citri populations in coffee using ecological life tables. For this purpose, were made during 50 generations ecological life tables for P. citri. The population of P. citri was kept in balance mainly due to predators. The predators of eggs and nymphs of 1 st and 2 nd instars were: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae, Diptera: Syrphidae and Diptera: Dolichopodidae and adults and larvae of Coleoptera: Coccinelidae. Predators of 3rd instar nymphs and adults were: Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), Chrysoperla Steinmann (Steinmann) and Chrysoperla externa (Hagen). The critical stage of mortality of P. citri was the third instar nymphs and the key factors of mortality were the predators H. axyridis, C. Steinmann and C. externa. Therefore, the population of P. citri in coffee plant was regulated by predation on third instar nymphs by these natural enemies.
Understanding the factors that regulate populations of insect pests is of fundamental importance in the development of programs for integrated pest management. Scale insects, especially Pseudococcidae family, have reached the "status" in many pests in crops such as coffee plant. In one group of pests is the most important species Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). However, there are few studies on the mechanisms that regulate their populations. Thus, this study aimed to determine the factors that regulate P. citri populations in coffee using ecological life tables. For this purpose, were made during 50 generations ecological life tables for P. citri. The population of P. citri was kept in balance mainly due to predators. The predators of eggs and nymphs of 1 st and 2 nd instars were: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae, Diptera: Syrphidae and Diptera: Dolichopodidae and adults and larvae of Coleoptera: Coccinelidae. Predators of 3rd instar nymphs and adults were: Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), Chrysoperla Steinmann (Steinmann) and Chrysoperla externa (Hagen). The critical stage of mortality of P. citri was the third instar nymphs and the key factors of mortality were the predators H. axyridis, C. Steinmann and C. externa. Therefore, the population of P. citri in coffee plant was regulated by predation on third instar nymphs by these natural enemies.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
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Citação
SILVA, N. R. Fatores de mortalidade natural da cochonilha farinhenta Planococcus citri no cafeeiro. 2011. 29 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG. 2011.